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80¦~¥N¥½90¦~¥Nªì¡AÀHµÛªF¼Ú¥¨ÅÜ¡A¬fªLÀð­Ë¶ò¡AµØ¬ù¸Ñ´²¡A¥H¤ÎĬÁp¸ÑÅéµ¥¤@¨t¦C­«¤j¾ú¥v¨Æ¥óªºµo¥Í¡Aªø¹F40¦h¦~ªº§N¾Ô²×©óµ²§ô¡A¤HÃþªÀ·|¶i¤J¤F¤@­Ó¹ñ·sªº®É¥N¡A§Y§N¾Ô«á®É¥N¡CÀHµÛ·s®É¥Nªº¨ÓÁ{¡A¦U°ê§¡­±Á{½Õ¾ã¹ï¥~¾Ô²¤ªºÀ£¤O¡C¦Ó¦p¦ó·Ç½Tµû¦ô·sªº®É¥N¯SÂI¤Î¨äµo®iÁͶաAµLºÃ¬O¦U°ê¦b­«·s¶i¦æ¾Ô²¤½Õ¾ã®É©ÒµLªk¦^Áתº°ÝÃD¡A¨äµ²½×¹ï¦U¦Û¾Ô²¤¤è¦Vªº¿ï¾Ü¦ÛµM¦³µÛÁ|¨¬»´­«ªº¼vÅT¡C§@¬°§N¾Ôµ²§ô¤§«áªº°ß¤@¶W¯Å¤j°ê¡A¿n·¥§Q¥Î³o¤@¥@¬É®æ§½·sÂÂ¥æ´Àªº­«¤j¾ú¥v®É¾÷¡A­«·s¶i¦æ¸ó¥@¬öªº¥þ²y¾Ô²¤³W¹º»P³¡¸p¡C§N¾Ôµ²§ôªì´Á¡A¬ü°ê¤@®É§Î¦¨¡§¨g³ß¡¨ª^³ò¡Aª¼¥Ø¼ÖÆ[¦³¾l¡A¦Ó²z©Ê±´°Q³Ö¦p¡A¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨½×­Ü«P¥X»O¡C¦ýÀ³ªÌ¹é¹é¡A¦Ó§åµûÁn®ö«hÀH®À§éÀW¥Í¦Ó¨³³tªx°_¡C§NÀRªº¾Ô²¤®a­Ì¶}©l¹ï¬ü°ê¦b§N¾Ô«á©Ò³Bªº¾Ô²¤Àô¹Ò¶i¦æ¤Ï«ä¡Aª§½×¤]ÀH¤§¤É·Å¡CºîÆ[³o³õª§½×ªº¥þ»ª¡A¦p¦ó¨ó½Õ²z·Q»P²{¹êªº¥Ù¬Þ¥¿¬O°ÝÃDªºÃöÁä©Ò¦b¡A¥Ñ©óµÛ²´ÂI¤£¦P¡A¤H­Ì¦b»{ÃѤW¬Û¤¬¶¡¤£¥iÁקK¦a¦s¦bµÛ®t²§¡A¦ý´N¹ï¨Mµ¦ªº¼vÅT¦Ó¨¥¡A§Ú­Ì¥ç¥i´M¥X¨ä§Î¦¨ªº¬YºØ¦@ÃÑ¡C¡§§JªL¹y¥D¸q¡¨¤Î¨ä«ü¾É¤Uªº¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤§Y¦b³o³õ¾Ô²¤¤jÅG½×ªº°ò¦¤W±o¥H³Ì²×¦¨«¬¡A¬°¦Ü¤Ö¦b21¥@¬öªìªº¬ü°ê½T¥ß¤F³B²z¥þ²y¨Æ°Èªº¦æ°Êºõ»â¡C

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§N¾Ô¥HĬÁpªº¥þ­±°hÅý©M³Ì²×¸ÑÅé³oºØ¤@Ãä­Ëªº¤è¦¡µ²§ô¡A¦b§N¾Ô«äºû±j¯Pªº¬ü°ê«Ü¦ÛµM¦a¾É­P¤F¤@ºØª¼¥Øªº¼ÖÆ[±¡ºü¡C´N¦h¼Æ¬ü°ê¤H¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ã¦³¤£¥i½Õ¦X©Êªº§N¾Ô³Ì²×¥HĬÁp¬°­ºªºªÀ·|¥D¸q°ê®a¶°¹Î¦Û¦æ±Y¼ìµ²§ô¡AµLºÃ´N¬O¥H¬ü°ê¬°­ºªº¦è¤è·ù°êªº³Ó§Q¡A´N¬O¦è¤è»ù­ÈÆ[ªº³Ó§Q¡C§@¬°¨ä¥Nªí¤Hª«ªº¥±Äõ¦è´µºÖ¤s(Francis Fukuyama)¬Æ¦Ü»{¬°¡A¦è¤è¦¡ªº¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D±N¦¨¬°¡§¤HÃþ·NÃѧκAºt¤Æªº²×ÂI¡¨©M¡§³Ì«áªººÞ²z§Î¦¡¡¨¡A¥Ñ¦¹¤HÃþ±N¨«¦V¡§¾ú¥vªº²×µ²¡¨¡A¾ã­Ó°ê»ÚÃö«Y¥¿¦b¡§¦@¦P¥«³õ¤Æ¡¨. ¨£Fukuyama, "The End of History?" National Interest, No.16, Summer 1989, pp.3-18; The End of History and the Last Man (Free Press, N.Y., 1992).¥¬§ÆÁ`²Î1990¦~1¤ë31¤é¦b¨ä­º½g¡m°ê±¡«t¤å¡n¤¤¤]Á¿¹D¡G¡§­è­èµ²§ôªº¤@¦~µo¥Íªº­«¤j¨Æ¥ó--1989¦~­²©R--¤w¸g²£¥Í¤F¤@¨t¦Cªº³sÂê¤ÏÀ³¡C¨äÅå¤HªºÅܤƼлxµÛ¦b¥@¬É¨Æ°È¤¤¤@­Ó·s¬ö¤¸ªº¶}©l¡C¡K¡K¦b³o­Ó·s¥@¬É§Î¦¨ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¬ü°ê³B©ó¤£Â_ÂX¤jªº¦Û¥Ñ°éªº¤¤¤ß¡A¤µ¤Ñ¦p¦¹¡A©ú¤Ñ¦p¦¹¡A¶i¤J¤U¤@­Ó¥@¬ö¤]¬O¦p¦¹¡C±ö§¶½sĶ¡G¡m¬ü°êÁ`²Î°ê±¡«t¤å¿ï½s¡n¡A®É¨Æ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1996¦~ª©¡A²Ä765-766­¶¡C§@¬°³oºØ¤ßºAªºÅ޿詵¦ù¡A¥H¬ü°ê¬°¤¤¤ß¡A«ö·Ó¬ü°ê¦¡²z·Q­«·s¶ì³y¥¼¨Óªº¥@¬É¡A¶i¦Ó«Ø¥ß·sªº¡§¬ü°ê¥@¬ö¡¨¡A¦ÛµM¦¨¤F¥¬§Æ¬F©²¨î­q§N¾Ô«á¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤ªº°ò¥»«ü¾É«ä·Q¡C¥¬§ÆÁ`²ÎÃö©ó«Ø¥ß¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨ªº¥D±i¥¿¬O³o¤@«ü¾É«ä·Qªº¨ãÅéÅé²{¡C

1990¦~8¤ë23¤é¡A§Y¥ì©Ô§J¤J«I¬ì«Â¯S¨Æ¥óµo¥Í¤£¤[¡A¥¬§ÆÁ`²Î»P°ê®a¦w¥þÅU°Ý´µ¦Ò§Jù¤Ò¯S©ó½q¦]¦{ªÖ¥§¤Ú§J´ä°Q½×¬ü°êªº¦]À³±¹¬I®É¡A´£¥X¤F¡§´M¨D¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨³o¤@¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦¤¤ªº·s·§©À¡C9¤ë21¤é¡A¥¬§Æ´N®üÆW¾Ôª§¦V¬ü°ê°ê·|µoªíÃD¬°¡§ÁÚ¦V¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨(Toward A New World Order)ªººt»¡¡A­º¦¸¹ï¥~¤½¶}¨ä«Ø¥ß¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨ªº¥D±i¡CPresident George Bush, "Toward A New World Order," before a joint session of the Congress, Sep.11, 1990. Current Policy, No.1298.¦¹«á¡A¸g¥¬§ÆÁ`²Î¥»¤H¤Î¨ä¬F©²ªº¤j¤O´è¬V¡A¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¤@µü¤£¶È­n¥Î¤j¼g¦r¥À®Ñ¼g¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ¥X²{¤F³Q¯«¤Æªº¶É¦V¡Csee the cover story, Time, April 1, 1991.

À³·í»¡¡A¨S¤H·|ÃhºÃ¬ü°êµo°ÊÃg»@¥ì©Ô§J«I²¤¦æ¬°ªº®üÆW¾Ôª§¨ã¦³¥¿¸q©Ê¡A¨ä§Q¥Î®üÆW¾Ôª§¿n·¥­Ò¾É«Ø¥ß¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨ªº¥D±i¡A¦Ü¤Ö±q¦r­±¤W¬Ý¥çµL¥i«p«D¡C¦ý³o¨Ã«D·N¨ýµÛ«a°Ã°ó¬Óªº¨¥µü­I«á¨S¦³¬ü°êªº§Q¤v°Ê¾÷¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¬ü°ê¦Ü¤Ö§Æ±æ³q¹L®üÆW¾Ôª§©M©ß¥X¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¥D±i¹ê²{¨ä¤T­Ó¬Û¤¬ÃöÁpªº¾Ô²¤·N¹Ï©Î¥Ø¼Ð¡G¨ä¤@¡A¦b¨â·¥µ²ºc±Y¼ì¡B·s®槽Âà´«ªºÃöÁä®É¨è¡A§Q¥Î®üÆW¾Ôª§³o¤@¦b¬ü°ê¬Ý¨Ó³Ì¦³§Qªº®É¾÷¡A¹ý©³±½°£ªø´ÁÅ¢¸n¦b¬ü°ê¤H¤ßÀYªº¡§¶V¾Ôºî¦X¯g¡¨(the so-called Vietnam syndrome)³±Åµsee "Bush: War to Continue Until Kuwait Liberated," USIA Special File, February 18, 1991, p.14. ¨ÃÂ\²æ°ê¤º¡§©t¥ß¥D¸q¡¨«ä¼éªº¨î¬ù¡A§V¤OÂX¤j¨ä¡§³æ·¥¡¨Àu¶Õ¡A¥H½T¥ß§N¾Ô«á®É¥N¬ü°ê¦b°ê»Ú¨Æ°È¤¤ªº¬Fªv»â¾É¦a¦ì¡C¨ä¤G¡A­É§U¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨³o¤@¡§¹ê»Ú¤W¬O§Q¥Î·s¥@¬É´£¨Ñªº¦UºØ¾÷·|ªº¤u¨ã¡¨, ¬ü°ê¾nµØ¨ÏÀ]¤å¤Æ³B¡G¡m¥¬§Æ»¡®üÆW¾Ôª§¬O¹ï¥@¬É·s¯´§Çªº²Ä¤@¦¸¦ÒÅç¡n, ¡m¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦­I´º§÷®Æ¡n, FP-1647, April 25, 1991, ²Ä9-10­¶¡C¬°§N¾Ô«áªº¥@¬É½T¥ß¤@®M¦U°ê¦@¦P¿í¦uªº¡B¥Ñ¬ü°ê´x´¤¨Ã®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê§Q¯q¶i¦æµû§Pªº°ê»Ú¦w¥þ¦æ¬°³W«h¡A¦p©M¥­¸Ñ¨Mª§ºÝ¡A¹Îµ²¤@­P¤Ï¹ï«I²¤¡A¨¾¤î¤j³W¼Ò·´·À©ÊªZ¾¹ÂX´²µ¥¡A¥H¹ê²{¡§¬ü°êªv¤Uªº©M¥­¡¨¡A¦A³Ð¡§²Ä¤G­Ó¬ü°ê¥@¬ö¡¨. Henry Grunwald, "The Second American Century," Time, Oct.8, 1990, pp.70-75.¨ä¤T¡A«ö¥H¬ü°ê¬°¥Nªíªº¦è¤è¥Á¥D¦Û¥Ñ»ù­ÈÆ[§ï³y¥@¬É¡A±À°Ê¥þ²y¹ê²{¬Fªv¤Wªº¥Á¥D¤Æ©M¸gÀÙ¤Wªº¦Û¥Ñ¤Æ¡C·í®É¾á¥ô¬ü°ê°Æ°ê°È²áªº³Ò­Û´µ¥ì®æº¸§B®æ§Y©ú½T±N¦Û¥Ñ»P¥Á¥Dµø§@¬ü°êª©¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨ªº¡§¨â¤j¤ä¬W¡¨. "New World Order: Democracy, Freedom From Aggression," USIA Wireless Specil File, March 1, 1991, p.14.¹ï¦¹¤@¥Ø¼Ð¡A¥¬§Æ§ó¬OÅCÃܺ¡§Ó¡G¡§¥@¬É¤ñ¥H©¹¥ô¦ó®É­Ô³£§óÂà¦V¬ü°ê´M§äº]¼Ë¡A±q¨S¦³¦p¦¹¤§¦hªº¤H±q¬ü°êªº²z·Q¤¤Àò±o§Æ±æ¡K¡K¡F§Ú­Ì­±¹ïªº·s¥@¬É¬O¤@­ÓÄm¨­¤_¹ê²{¦Û¥Ñ²z·Qªº¥@¬É¡¨. ¡m¥¬§Æ»¡®üÆW¾Ôª§¬O¹ï¥@¬É·s¯´§Çªº²Ä¤@¦¸¦ÒÅç¡n, ¡m¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦­I´º§÷®Æ¡n, FP-1647, April 25, 1991, ²Ä10­¶¡C

§@¬°¹ê²{¤W­z·N¹Ïªº«OÃÒ¡A¥¬§Æ¬F©²¦b¨ä1990©M1991¦~ªº¡m¬ü°ê°ê®a¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤³ø§i¡n¤¤¡A°£¤FÄ~©Ó«e´X©¡¬F©²ªº°ò¥»¶Ç²Î¤§¥~¡A°w¹ï°Ï°ì½Ä¬ð¨ú¥N¥þ²y¹ï§Ü¦¨¬°¥D­n¦w¥þ¬D¾Ô³o¤@·sªº§Î¶ÕÅܤơA¬ð¥X±j½Õ¤F¹ê²{¨ä¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¥D±iªº¥|ÂI®Ö¤ß¤º®e¡C

²Ä¤@¡A¦Û¨­ªº¹ê¤O¡A¥D­n¬O¸gÀÙ©M­x¨Æ¹ê¤O¡CÀHµÛ¥@¬ÉÁ`Åé§Î¶ÕÁͦV½w©M¡A¬ü°ê¹ï¡§©M¥­¬õ§Q¡¨ªº´Á±æ­È¬ÛÀ³¼W¥[¡A¦]¦¹¹ï©ó­x³Æ±±¨î¡B­x³Æ«d´î¡Bµô­x½Í§P¥H¤Î·ù°ê¶°Åé¤À¾á¨¾³Æ³d¥ô¤©¥H°ª«×­«µø¡A¦ý³o¨Ã«D­n«d´î¹ï«O«ù¬ü°ê¥þ²y¼vÅT¤O·¥¨ä­«­nªº­x¨Æ¹ê¤O¡A¦Ó¬O­n³q¹L¾P·´¤@¨Ç¡§¸û³¯ÂÂ¥B©Ê¯à¸û®tªº¸Ë³Æ¡¨´£°ª®Ä¯à¡A¦b­°§C­x¶Oªº¦P®É¡AÄ~Äò«O«ù±j¤jªº­x¨Æ¹ê¤O¡A¥]¬A¦³®Äªº®Ö«ÂÄà¤O¶q¡A¥i¾aªº«eªu³¡¸p¡A¤Î¾÷°Ê¡B§Ö³t¡B·Ç½Tªº¤O¶q§ë°e¯à¤O¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¸gÀÙ¹ê¤O§@¬°­x¨Æ¹ê¤Oªº«OÃÒ©M¡§µo´§¥þ²y»â¾É§@¥Îªº¤@­Ó¥ý¨M±ø¥ó¡¨¡A¬ü°ê¤£¶È­n§V¤O´£°ª¦Û¨­¦b¸gÀÙ¤WªºÄvª§¤O¡A§ó­n¦b¥þ²y¸gÀÙ¬Û¤¬¨Ì¿àµ{«×¤é¯q¥[²`ªº§Î¶Õ¤U¡AÂX¤j¨Ã¥[±j¥@¬É¦Û¥Ñ¸gÀÙªº¤O¶q¡F³q¹L±À°Ê¬ü¡B¥[¡B¾¥¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w¡B¡§¬ü¬w¨Æ·~­Òij¡¨­p¹º¤Î¯Q©Ô¦c¦^¦X½Í§P¶iµ{«P¶i¶T©ö¤Wªº¦Û¥Ñ¤Æ¡F¥[±j¥D­n¤u·~°ê©M¦P°ê»Úª÷¿Ä¾÷ºcªº¦X§@¡A¥H²`¤Æ¶Å°È°ê¤º³¡¸gÀ٧ﭲªº¿ìªk¸Ñ¨Mµo®i¤¤°ê®aªº¶Å°È°ÝÃD¡F¦b§Þ³NÂàÅý»P§Þ³N¥X¤f±±¨î¤è­±¨ú±o¥­¿Å¡F¦b¯à·½»PÀô¹Ò°ÝÃD¤W¥[±j°ê»Ú¦X§@¡C

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²Ä¥|¡AĬÁpªº¡§¦X§@¡¨¡C³q¹L³oºØ¡§¦X§@¡¨¡A¨ÏĬÁp¥¿¦b¶i¦æªº°ê¤º§ï­²¤£­Pµo¥Í°fÂà¡A¨Ã¾¨§Ö¥[¤J¤@­Ó¡§©M¥­¡B¦Û¥Ñ©MÁcºaªº°ê»ÚªÀ·|¡¨¡A»P¦è¤èªºÃö«Y¨«¤W¡§§ó¥[°í©w¡B§ó¥[¨ã¦³«Ø³]©Êªº­y¹D¡¨¡F¿n·¥±À°Êµô­x­p¹º©M«d´î¾Ô²¤¶i§ð©ÊªZ¾¹­p¹º¡A½T«O¡§°ß¤@´¤¦³¶i¦æ¤@¦¸¨¬¥HºR·´¬ü°êªÀ·|ªº¹ê»Ú­x¨Æ¯à¤O¡¨ªºÄ¬ÁpÃø¥H¦A¦¸¹ï¦è¤è§Î¦¨¡§«Â¯Ù¡¨¡F¦b¥¼¨ÓÃþ¦ü®üÆW¾Ôª§¤@Ãþªº¦M¾÷¤¤¿n·¥¦P¬ü°ê¶i¦æ¡§¦X§@¡¨¡A¦¨¬°¬ü°ê«Ø¥ß¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨ªº¤ä´©©Ê¤O¶q¡C·íµM¡A¬°¦³®Ä±À°ÊĬÁpªº¡§¦X§@¡¨¡A¬ü°ê¤£¶È­nµ¹Ä¬Áp¥H¾A·íªº´©§U¡AÁÙ­n±K¤Á¡§Ãöª`ĬÁp­x¨Æ¤O¶qªº³W¼Ò©M¤è¦V¡¨¡AÄ~Äò«O«ù±j¦³¤Oªº«ÂÄà¤O¶q¡C°Ñ¨£1990¡B1991¦~¡m¬ü°ê°ê®a¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤³ø§i¡n¡A±ö§¶½sĶ¡G¡m¬ü°ê°ê®a¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤³ø§i·J½s¡n¡A®É¨Æ¥Xª©ªÀ1996¦~ª©¡C

¥¬§Æ¬F©²ªº¥þ²y¾Ô²¤ºc·Q¦P²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ôµ²§ôªì´Áù´µºÖ¬F©²¬°¬ü°ê©Ò³]­pªº¾Ô²¤ÂŹϨ㦳«Ü±jªº¦P½è©Ê¡C­º¥ý¡A³£¦b­P¤O©ó°l¨D¬ü°ê¦b¥þ²y¨Æ°È¤¤ªº»â¾É¦a¦ì¡A©^¦æ¥H¹ê¤O¬°°ò¦ªº¡§¤z¯A¥D¸q¡¨¬Fµ¦¡CµL½×¬Où´µºÖªº¡§¥|ĵ¹î¡¨¤è®×¡AÁÙ¬O¥¬§Æ¥H«Ø¥ß¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¬°¦Wªº¡§¶°Åé¦w¥þ¡¨³]·Q¡A¬Ò¨ã¦³³oºØ©úÅã¯S¼x¡C¨ä¦¸¡A±j½Õ½Ñ¦pÁp¦X°êµ¥°ê»Ú²Õ´ªº¡§¤u¨ã¡¨§@¥Î¡A§Æ±æ§Q¥Î³o¨Ç°ê»Ú²Õ´¾ÞÁa°ê»Ú¨Æ°È¡A¬°¬ü°êªº¾Ô²¤§Q¯qªA°È¡C¦A¦¸¡A­«µøĬÁpªº¡§¦X§@¡¨¡A¨ä®t§O¥D­n¦b©ó¡Aù´µºÖµøĬÁp¬°§Q¥Îª«¥ó¡A±Ä¨úªº¬O¬ü°êµÛ¦W§N¾Ô¥v¾Ç®a¥[­}´µ©Ò»¡ªº¡§¥ý§l¦¬«á¹K¨î¡¨(the Strategy of "containment by integration" )µ¦²¤¡AJohn Gerard Ruggie, "Peacekeeping and U.S. Interests," Washington Quarterly, Autumn 1994, p.176.¦Ó¥¬§Æ§ó¦h°¼­«¤_¹ïĬÁp¶i¦æ¡§§ï³y¡¨¡A±Ä¨úªº¬O³q¹L¡§¦X§@¡¨¥[¥H¡§§ï³y¡¨µ¦²¤¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦b¼Äµø¦@²£¥D¸q¡A±À¦æ¥þ²y¸ê¥»¥D¸q¤Æ¤è­±¡A¨âªÌ¥çµL¤G­P¡A°Ï§O¦b©óù´µºÖ§ó¦h±j½Õ°ê»Ú¾÷¨îªº§@¥Î¡A¦Ó¥¬§Æ§ó¼ö°J©ó¨Ï¥Î¨îµô¤â¬q¡A¹ï¥]¬A¹ï¤¤°ê¡B´ÂÂA¡B¶V«nµ¥ªÀ·|¥D¸q°ê®a±j¤O¬IÀ£¡A§Y¬O©úÃÒ¡C

µM¦Ó¡A¥¬§Æ©Ò³Bªº®É¥N²¦³º»Pù´µºÖ®É¥N¤£¥i¦P¤é¦Ó»y¡C²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ôµ²§ô«á¡A¬ü°ê¹ê¤O¿±µÈ¡A¤@ªK¿W¨q¡A¥B§@¬°¤HÃþ¾ú¥v¤W³Ì§§¯Pªº¤Ïªk¦è´µ¾Ôª§ªº¥\¦Ú¡A¨ã¦³¿W¯Sªº¸¹¥l¤O©M¼vÅT¤O¡C¥¬§Æ®É´Á¡A¾¨ºÞ¬ü°ê¦Û»{űo¤F§N¾Ô¡A¨Ã¨ú±o¤F§N¾Ô«á²Ä¤@³õ¤£¨ã¶W±j¥N²z©Ê½èªº®üÆW¾Ôª§ªº³Ó§Q¡A¦¨¬°¬ü°ê¦Û¶V¾Ô¥H¨Ó­º¦¸Àò³Óªº¸û¤j³W¼Ò¾Ô§Ð¡A±q¦Ó¤j¤j´£¤É¤F¬ü°êªº¦Û«H¤ß¡A¦ý«o¥²¶·­±¹ï¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¤º¥~Àô¹Ò¡C´N¥~³¡Àô¹Ò¦Ó¨¥¡AÀHµÛ§N¾Ôµ²§ô¡AĬÁp¸ÑÅé¡A¦è¤è¤º³¡ªº·NÃѧκA¾®»E¤O´¶¹M¤U­°¡A¸gÀÙÄvª§«h§e¥[¼@¤§¶Õ¡A¬ü°ê¹J¨ì¤F¨Ó¦Û¼w¡B¤éµ¥·ù°êªº±j¦³¤O¬D¾Ô¡F±q°ê¤º¨Ó¬Ý¡A¸gÀÙ°I°h¡B±Ð¨|½è¶q¤U­°¡BºØ±Ú°ÝÃDµ¥¡A¥H¤Î¥Ñ¦¹¦Ó¦b¬ü°ê°ê¤º´N¬ü°ê¬O§_°I¸¨¤Þ°_ªº½×¾Ô¡A³£»¡©ú¡§¬ü°ê¦b¦M¾÷¤¤¡¨. °Ñ¨£®}°êµa¡G¡m¬ü°ê¦b¦M¾÷¤¤--¬ü°ê¬O§_°I¸¨½×¾Ô­zµû¡n, ¡m¬ü°ê¬ã¨s¡n, 1992¦~²Ä1´Á¡C«ÜÅãµM¡A¥¬§Æ¨ã¦³«Ü±j²z·Q¥D¸q¦â±mªº¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¾Ô²¤ºc·Q¡A¯S§O¬O¨ä­É°ê»Ú¦W¸q¥HªZ¤OÃg»@¡§¯´§Ç¯}ÃaªÌ¡¨ªº¥D±i¡A¦b³oùؤ£¯à¤£¹J¨ì¡§¤â¬q»P¥Øªº¡¨ÄY­«²æ¸`ªº¨î¬ù¡A¥¦¥X»O¤£¤[§Y¨ü¨ì®À§é¡A²×­P¾èªá¤@²{¡C

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¥¬§Æ¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¥D±i­º¥ý¹J¨ìªº®À§é¡A¬O¥¦¤@¥X»O´N¨ü¨ì¤F¨Ó¦Û¬ü°ê°ê¤ºªº¼sªx§åµû¡C¦pªG¹ï³o¨Ç§åµû¶i¦æ¤j­P¤ÀÃþ¡A¥i§@¥H¤UÂk¯Ç¡G

²Ä¤@¡A¥D±i¼Ò½k¡C¨s³º¦ó¿×¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡H³o¬O¬ü°êµÛ¦W°ê»Ú¬Fªv¾Ç®a¤p¬ù·æ¤Ò©`(Joseph S. Nye, Jr.)¦b¡m¥~¥æ¡n©u¥Z1992¦~¬K©u¸¹¤W´£¥XªººÃ°Ý¡C·Ó¥L¬Ý¨Ó¡A¥¬§Æªº¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¥D±i¥»¨­§Y¬O¤@¥Ù¬Þ²£ª«¡A­ì¦]¬O¥¬§Æ«ä¦Ò»P¦æ°Êªº¥D­n¨Ì¾Ú¬O¥§§JªQ©M°ò¨¯®æ¦¡ªº²{¹ê¥D¸q¯´§ÇÆ[¡A§Y¤j°êÃö«YªºÃ­©w©MÅv¤O¥­¿Å¡A¦Ó«Å¶Çªº«o¬O«Âº¸»¹©M¥d¯S¦¡ªº¦Û¥Ñ¥D¸q¯´§ÇÆ[¡A±j½Õªº¬O°ê»Ú²Õ´¡A°ê»Úªk¤Î¦@¦P»ù­ÈÆ[¡A¥¼¯à²M·¡°Ï¤À³o¨âºØ¯´§ÇÆ[»P·í«e¥@¬É±¡¶ÕªºÃö«Y¡C¥Ñ©ó®üÆW¾Ôª§¤§«á¹ê»Ú±¡ªp¨Ã¥¼¥X²{¥¬§ÆÁ`²Î©Ò¿×ªº¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡A¥Õ®c¥u¦n³vº¥­°§C¤F¹ï³o¤@¥D±iªº«Å¶Ç½Õªù¡C¥L»{¬°¡AÁöµM¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¤w¶}©lÁô²{¡A¦ý¤´¬O²V²c¤£©w¡A¦]¦¹¡A¬ü°ê¥²¶·¦bµu´Á¤º±Ä¨ú²{¹ê¥D¸qªº¯´§ÇÆ[¡Aªø´Á«h±Ä¨ú¦Û¥Ñ¥D¸qªº¯´§ÇÆ[¡CJoseph SNye, Jr., "What New World Order," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No.2 (Spring 1992).

²Ä¤G¡A¤£²{¹ê¡C«ù¦¹ºØÆ[ÂIªº¥Nªí¤Hª«¥]¬A¬ü°ê«e°ê°È­ë¡B¡§§¡¶Õ²z½×¡¨¤j®v°ò¨¯®æ©M¬ü°ê¥~¥æ¥vª¾¦W¾ÇªÌ¥[­}´µ(John L. Gaddis)µ¥¡C¦b°ò¨¯®æ¬Ý¨Ó¡C¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç·§©À¥u¬O¬ü°ê¤H¬°¥´¤@³õ¾Ôª§¦Ó´M§äªºº}«GÂǤf¡A¥¦¤£¥i¯à¹ê²{¥¬§ÆÁ`²Î©Òªí¹Fªº²z·Q¥D¸q¡A¥¦¬O­Ó¡§µê¤Ûªº¹Ú¡¨. Henry Kissinger, "False Dreams of a New World Order," The Washington Post, Feb. 26, 1991.¥[­}´µ«h»{¬°¡A¤£¯à¥u½Í¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡A¦Ó¤£½Í§N¾Ô«á¥X²{ªº·s°ÝÃD¡A¦p¥ÑĬÁp©M«n´µ©Ô¤Ò¸ÑÅé±a¨Óªº·s°ÝÃD¡F¥¬§Æ¬F©²¤]¥¼§¹¥þ¶EÂ_¥X³y¦¨¯´§Ç²V¶Ãªº­ì¦]¡AÁöµM¥HªZ¤OÃg»@¤F¥ì©Ô§Jªº«I²¤¦æ¬°¡A¦ý¹ï½Ñ¦p®wº¸¼w±ÚÃø¥Á¡B¥ì©Ô§J«e³~µ¥·s¥X²{ªº°ÝÃD«o§ô¤âµLµ¦¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥¬§Æ°l¨Dªº·s¯´§Ç¨ìÀY¨Ó¬O¤£¥i¯à¦³·s¯´§Ç¡CDon oberdorfer, "Bush's Talk of a ¡¥New World Order¡¦: Foreign Policy Tool or Mere Slogan?" The Washington Post, May 26, 1991.

²Ä¤T¡A°µªk¦s¦b®Ú¥»¯Ê³´¡C¬ü°ê°ê»Ú¬Fªv¥v¾ÇªÌ¬Iù¼w(Paul W. Schroeder)±q¾ú¥vµo®i¨¤«×¹ï¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨³o¤@·§©À¶i¦æ±´°Q«á»{¬°¡A¦h¼Æ¬ü°ê¤H­ì«h¤W¨Ã¤£¤Ï¹ï¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç³o¼ËªºÆ[©À¡A¤]¤£¤Ï¹ï¬ü°ê°Ñ»P«P¶i©M¥­»P¤H¹D¨Æ·~ªº°ê»Ú§V¤O¡A¦ý¹ï©ó¥HªZ¤O(¯S§O¬O¬ü°êªºªZ¤O)¥hºûÅ@¥h¹ê²{³o¼Ëªº¯´§Ç¡A«o¶V¨Ó¶VÃø©ó±µ¨ü¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A§N¾Ô«á¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç³o¤@·§©À¦b¹ê»Ú¾Þ§@¼h­±¦³¥|¼h§t¸q¡G¦b¥@¬É¤£¦Pªº¼öÂI¦a°Ï±q¨Æ¤£¦PºØÃþªº³Ð³y©M¥­¦æ°Ê¡A§Y¦®¦bºûÅ@©Î«ì´_ªk«ß»P¯´§Çªº¦æ°Ê¡F«ÂÄà¡B²×¤î¤ÎÃg»@¾Ôª§¦æ¬°¡B«I²¤¦æ¬°¤ÎÀ£­¢¦æ¬°¡F¸Ñ±Ï¨üÃø¥Á²³¡F«P¶i¤½¥ÁÅv©M¤HÅvªº§ïµ½¡C¦Ó¨ä¤â¬q«h¥D­n¬O¨Ì¾a°ê»ÚªÀ·|³q¹L«ÂÄà©M±j¨î§Y¹B¥ÎªZ¤O¹ê²{¤W­z¥Ø¼Ð¡AµM¦Ó¡A¦pªG»¡­x¨Æ¤â¬q¹ï©óÃg»@«I²¤¦æ¬°©|¦³ªv¼Ð¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A¹êÃø¹F¨ìªv¥»ªº®ÄªG¡A¥Î©ó¹ï¥I¯A¤Î©v±Ð¡BºØ±Úµ¥°ÝÃDªº¤º¶Ã«h·|³y¦¨§ó¤j³Â·Ð¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¥Ñ©ó°ê»ÚÃö«Y¤¤¤´¦s¦bµÛ±Ó·Pªº¥DÅv°ÝÃD¡A­±¹ï¥~³¡ªºªZ¤O±j¨î¡A¹ê»Ú¤W´N¬°¯´§Ç¯}ÃaªÌº´°Ê°ê¤ºªº¥Á±Ú¥D¸q±¡ºü©è¨î¥~¨ÓÀ£¤O´£¨Ñ¤F¥i¸ê§Q¥Îªº¾÷·|¡A¥[¤§°Ñ»P¶°ÅéÃg»@¦æ°Êªº¦U°ê¦]§Q¯q¤£¦P¡A¦b¶O¥Î»P­t¾á¤ÀÅu¤è­±¤]©ö¤Þµoª§½×¡A§ó¼W¥[¤F¹ê²{¥Ø¼ÐªºÃø«×¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦³®Ä«Ø¥ß©MºûÅ@¥@¬É·s¯´§Çªº¥i¦æ¿ìªkÀ³¸Ó¬O±Ä¨ú¡§Áp¦X-±Æ¥¸ªk¡¨(Association-Exclusion)¡A§Y¼úÀy¦X§@ªÌ¡A±Æ¥¸¯´§Ç¯}ÃaªÌ©ó°ê»ÚÅé¨t¤§¥~¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¶D½ÑªZ¤O¡CPaul WSchroeder, "The New World Order: A Historical Perspective," The Washington Quarterly, Spring 1994, pp.25-43.

°£°ê¤ºªº§åµû¤§¥~¡A¨ä¥L°ê®a¥]¬A¬ü°êªº·ù°ê¤]©Úµ´±µ¨ü¥¬§Æªº¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨½×¡C·í®Éªºªk°êÁ`²Î±K¯S®Ô´Nªí¥Ü¡A¤£¯à¥H¥@¬É·s¯´§Çªº¥D±i§â¬ü°êªv¤Uªº©M¥­±j¥[©ó¤H¡C­^°ê¥~¥æ¤j¦Ú»®¼wÁn¨¥¡G¡§½Ö¤]¤£¯à«ÅºÙ¤@­Ó°ê®a¥i¥H¨M©w¤@¤Á¡CµL½×¬O¬ü°ê²Îªv¤Uªº©M¥­ÁÙ¬O¤j¦è¬v²Îªv¤Uªº©M¥­¡A³q³q³£¬O¤£²{¹êªº¡¨¡C¤é¥»¦P¼Ëªí²{¥X¤F¤Ï¹ï¬ü°ê³æ·¥¥@¬É¥D±iªº¶É¦V¡A«e­º¬Û¤¤´¿®Ú´N±j½Õ¡A¥Ñ¡§¦è¤èµo¹F°ê®a­º¸£·|ijªº¤C°ê¦@¦PºÞ²z©M¥­¡¨¬O¡§²z·Qªº§Î¦¡¡¨. Âà¤Þ¦Û³¯¤B®õ¡G¡m¥@¬É®æ§½²z½×»P²{¹êµo®i±´§é¡n¡A¸ü¡m¤W®üªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç°|¾Ç³N©u¥Z¡n, 1992¦~2¤ë¡C­^°ê­Û´°¬Ó®a¾Ç°|±Mªù¬ã¨s¾Ôª§°ÝÃDªº³Ò­Û´µ¥±ùؼw°Ò±Ð±Â»{¬°¡A¥H§ðÀ»©Ê¤â¬q¸Ñ¨M«D¦è¤è°ê®aµo¥Íªº½Ä¬ð¡A¨Ï¤H­Ì¦³²z¥Ñ·P¨ì¥¬§Æ­Ò¾Éªº¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¥D±i¡§¬J¤£¤½¥­¡A¦P®É¤]¦³ÂI¤£¤½¥¿¡¨. Lawrence Freedman, "Order and Disorder in the New World," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No.1, American And The World 1991/92.¦¹¥~¡A¼s¤jªºµo®i¤¤°ê®a¤]ªí¥Ü¤F±j¯P¤£º¡¡A¹ï¦¹¡Aªk°ê«e°ê¨¾³¡ªø»ô¥§ªù¯S(Jean-Pierre Chevenement)Á¿¹D¡G¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Çªº°ß¤@·s¯SÂI¬O¬ü°êªº¯´§Ç¡F¤@¨Ç²Ä¤T¥@¬É°ê®a¤ÏÀ³¿E¯P¡A§åµû¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç±a¦³ª÷Äݪº²ª¸ñ¡B¹q¤l²´ªº°{¥ú©M¬ð¦p¨ä¨Óªº°ª¬ì§ÞªZ¾¹±Û­·¡A¥Øªº¬O³WÄU¹L©ó¿W¥ßªº°ê®a§ë­°¡F¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¥u¤£¹L¬O¬ü°êªº¥N¸¹¡A¦®¦b¥Î¥H¤Ï¹ï¥ô¦ó¤£¦V¬ü°ê©}ªAªº¤H¡¨. Âà¤Þ¦Û¤B©¯»¨¡B¼ï¾UµÛ¡G¡m§N¾Ô«áªº¬ü°ê¡n¡A»O¥_¤­«n¹Ï®Ñ¤½¥q¡A1993¦~ª©¡A²Ä52-56­¶¡C

§ó­«­nªº¬O¡A¥¬§Æªº¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¥D±i¦b¨ä¹ê½î¤¤¤]¨ü¨ì¤F¨H­«¥´À»¡C¤z¯A¯Á°¨§Q¨Èªº¥¢±Ñ§Y¬O¨å«¬¨Ò¤l¡C1991¦~11¤ë¡A¯Á°ê³´¤JÄY­«¤º¶Ã¡A¤Þ°_°ê»ÚªÀ·|ªº¼sªxÃöª`¡C®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê«Ø¥ß¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¦W¸q¤U§Î¦¨ªº¡§·s¤z¯A¥D¸q¡¨²z½×¡A³oÃþ°ê¤º½Ä¬ð¤Î°Ï°ì½Ä¬ð¤w¦¨¬°°ê»Ú¦w¥þªº¥D­n«Â¯Ù¡A¥ô¨äº©©µ¤£¶È·|«Â¯Ù°Ï°ìªºÃ­©w¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¹ï¤HÅvªºÁ¶Âp¡A¦]¦¹¡A°ê»ÚªÀ·|¦³¹D¸q¤Wªº³d¥ô¥hªý¤î³oÃþ¤º¶Ã¡A¨Ã¦b¥²­n®É¥HªZ¤O¡§À°§U¡¨³o¨Ç°ê®a«ì´_©M¥­»P¡§·sªº¤H¹D¯´§Ç¡¨¡A¨ä¤¤¬ü°ê§@¬°§N¾Ô«á°ß¤@ªº¶W¯Å¤j°ê¡A§óÀ³¸Ó¡§¦b¥@¬É¨Æ°È¤¤©Ó¾á°_¿n·¥¥D°Êªº¤z¯A¥D¸qªÌ¨¤¦â¡¨. Stephen John Stedman, "The New Interventionists," Foreign Affairs, Vol.72, No.1, American And The World 1992/93, pp.1-4.¥¿¬O°ò©ó³oºØ¡§·s¤z¯A¥D¸q¡¨²z½×¡A¬ü°ê±À°ÊÁp¦X°ê¦w²z·|©ó1992¦~12¤ë4¤é³q¹L¤F¡§¥vµL«e¨Òªº¡¨794¸¹¨Mij¡A¨M©w²Õ¦¨¥H¬ü°ê¬°­ºªº¦h°ê³¡¶¤¶i¾n¯Á°ê¡A½T«O¦V¡§¨ü­W¨üÃøªº¯Á°¨§Q¨È¤H´£¨Ñ¤H¹D±Ï§U¡¨. Stedman, "The New Interventionists," Foreign Affairs, American And The World 1992/93, p.2.¨Ã»}¨¥¦b¥¬§ÆÂ÷¥ô«e§¹¦¨¨Ï©R«áºM­x¡CµM¦Ó¡A¨ÆºAªºµo®i¨Ã¥¼¦p¬ü°ê©ÒÄ@¡A18¦W¬ü°ê¤h§L«o¾î«ÍµóÀY¡A¤Þ°_¬ü°êÁֽפj¼M¡C¦b°ê¤ºÁֽתº±j¤jÀ£¤O¤U¡A¬ü°ê³Q­¢ºM­x¡A¦P·N»P¦ã­}¼wÁ|¦æ¬Fªv½Í§P¡C¦Ó³o¹ê»Ú¤]´Nµ¥©ó«Å§i¤F§JªL¹y°õ¬Fªì´Á¥H¡§·s¤z¯A¥D¸q¡¨¬°°ò¦ªº¡§ªÖ©w©Ê¦hÃä¥D¸q¡¨(assertive multilateralism)ªº¦º¤`¡CJohn RBolton, "Wrong Turn In Somalia," Foreign Affairs, January/February 1994.

¨Æ¹êªí©ú¡A¥¬§Æªº¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¾Ô²¤ºc·Q¥u¬O§N¾Ôµ²§ôªì´Á¬ü°êª¼¥Ø¼ÖÆ[©M°ª«×²z·Q¥D¸qªº²£ª«¡A¾D­P§åµû©M®À§é¦Û¦³¨ä¥²µM©Ê¡C¦ý¥Ñ¦¹¤]¦V¬ü°êªº¾Ô²¤¾Ç®a´£¥X¤F¨â­Ó¥²¶·¦^µªªº­«­n°ÝÃD¡G¨s³ºÀ³¸Ó¦p¦ó¬Ý«Ý§N¾Ô«áªº¥@¬É¡H¬ü°ê»Ý­n§@¥X¦óºØ¾Ô²¤¿ï¾Ü¡H³ò¶³o¨â¤j°ÝÃD¡A¬ü°ê°ê¤º®i¶}¤F²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ôµ²§ô¥H¨Ó³Ì¨ã¹ê½è·N¸qªº²Ä¤T³õ¾Ô²¤¤jÅG½×¡C¦pªG»¡²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ôµ²§ôªì´Á©M¶V¾Ô«á´Áªº¨â³õ¤jÅG½×¥Ñ©ó¦s¦b¡§Ä¬Áp«Â¯Ù¡¨³o¤@©ú½T¾Ô²¤­«ÂI¡A¦]¦Ó¸û©ö¹F¦¨¦@ÃѪº¸Ü¡A§N¾Ô«áªº³o³õÅG½×«h¦]¡§Ä¬Áp«Â¯Ù¡¨ªº®ø¥¢¡B¨â·¥¹ï«Ïªº¥@¬É®æ§½¥Ë¸Ñ¦ÓÅã±o²§±`½ÆÂø©M¿E¯P¡A§Î¦¨¤F½Ñ¦hªº¤£©M¿Ó­µ¡C¦b¦p¦ó¬Ý«Ý§N¾Ô«áªº¥@¬É¡A¯S§O¬O¹ï¼vÅT¥¼¨Ó°ê»Ú¬Fªv¨«¦VªºÃöÁä¦]¯À¤ÀªR¡A´N¥X²{¤F¤­ºØ¥Nªí©ÊªºÆ[ÂI¡C

¤@¬O¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D¨M©w½×¡C½×ªÌ¦h±q§N¾Ôµ²§ô¬O¦è¤è¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[ªº³Ó§Q¬°¥XµoÂI¡A±j½Õ¥¼¨Ó¥@¬Éªºµo®i¨«¦VÃöÁä¨ú¨M©ó¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[¦b¥þ²y´¶¤Îªºµ{«×¡C¦¹½×¦b¬ü°ê®Ú²`¸¦©T¡A¦U¤è¤H¤hµL½×¦b´Â¦b³¥©Î¦h©Î¤Ö©Î©ú©Î·t¦h¹ï¤§ªí¥Ü»{¦P¡AºÖ¤s§Y¬°¨ä¥Nªí¤Hª«¡C¤G¬O¶ëÁ[º¸P. ¦ë§Ê¹yªº¡§¤å©ú½Ä¬ð½×¡¨¡C¨ä®Ö¤ß½×ÂI¬O§N¾Ôµ²§ô¤§«á¡A°ê»ÚÃö«Y¤wµo¥Í¤F­«¤jÅܤơA¬Fªvªº©M·NÃѧκAªº¹ï¥ß¥H¤Î¸gÀÙ§Q¯qªºª§¹Üµ¥¥Á±Ú°ê®a¤§¶¡¶Ç²Î·N¸q¤Wªº¹ï§Ü¤£¦A¬O¥¼¨Ó°ê»Ú¬Fªv½Ä¬ðªº¥D­n®Ú·½¡A¡§¤HÃþªÀ·|ªº¤j¤Àµõ©Mµo¥Í½Ä¬ðªº¥D­n®Ú·½±N¬O¤å¤Æ¤Wªº¡C" Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs, Vol.72, No.3, Summer 1993, p.22.¤T¬O¥H¦ë§Q°ò¨¯®æ¬°¥Nªíªº§¡¶Õ½×¡C»{¬°¯u¥¿ªº¦h·¥¤Æ¥¿¦bÅܦ¨²{¹ê¡A¥¼¨Óªº¥@¬É¬Fªv«e³~±N¥D­n¨ú¨M©ó¤­(©Î¤»)¤j¤O¶q¤¤¤ßªº¤¬°Ê¡A³o¤­(©Î¤»)¤j¤O¶q¤¤¤ß¥]¬A¬ü°ê¡B«Xù´µ¡B¤¤°ê¡B¤é¥»¡B¦è¼Ú¤Î¥i¯àªº¦L«×¡C¦]¦¹¡A¡§«O«ù¦U¤j°ê¤§¶¡ªº¤O¶q§¡¶Õ(equilibrium)¬O¹ê²{¨ä¾ú¥v¥Ø¼Ðªº¤@­Ó®Ú¥»«e´£±ø¥ó¡¨. Henry A. Kissinger, Diplomacy (Simon ¡® Schuster, N.Y., 1994), p.833.¥|¬O¸gÀ٦ܤW½×¡C¦b¬ü°êÃö©ó§N¾Ô«á¥@¬É¥»½èªºÅG½×¤¤¡A­«µø¸gÀÙ¦]¯À¹ï¥¼¨Ó°ê»Ú¬Fªv¼vÅT¡A±N¸gÀÙÄvª§µø¬°¨M©w¥¼¨Ó¥@¬É¬Fªv¶iµ{ÃöÁä¦]¯Àªº½×ªÌ§Î¦¨¤F¤@ªÑ³Ì±j¤jªº¶Õ¤O¤§¤@¡C¸Ó¬£»{¬°¡A¨â·¥¹ï§Ü®æ§½¥Ë¸Ñ«á¡A¤j°ê¤§¶¡¤w¤£¦s¦b¥ô¦ó¨ã¹ê½è·N¸qªº­«¤j¦a½t¬Fªv½Ä¬ð¡A­x¨Æ¤O¶q¦b°ê»ÚÃö«Y¤¤ªº§@¥Î©úÅã¤U­°¡A¦Ó¥H¼Ú¬w¡BªF¨È¡B¥_¬ü¤T¤j¸gÀٰϰ춰¹Î¬°®Ö¤ßªº¸gÀÙÄvª§¤éÁÍ¿E¯P¡A¦]¦¹¡A¡§¸gÀÙ¤O¶q©M¸gÀÙ¹ê½î¹ï©ó¥¼¨Ó¥þ²y¬Fªvªº§Î¦¨»Pªí²{´N¨ã¦³À£­Ë©Êªº­«­n©Ê¡¨. Robert E. Hunter, "Starting at Zero: U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1990s," The Washington Quarterly, Winter 1992, p.32.¤­¬O«D¶Ç²Î¦w¥þ½×¡C«ù¦¹½×ªÌ¶É¦V©ó±N²V¶Ã(chaos)¦Ó«D«I²¤(aggression)¬Ý§@¹ï¥@¬Éªº«Â¯Ù¡A»{¬°§N¾Ô«áÀ³ÂX¤j°ê®a¦w¥þªº©w¸q¡A­«µø¡§¶W¶V¥Á±ÚÃä¬É¡¨ªº¥þ²y©Ê°ÝÃD¡A¥D±i¥H¤H¹Dªº¤èªk³B²z°ê»Ú¨Æ°È¡CRichard Haass, "Paradigm Lost," Foreign Affairs, Vol.74, No.1, January/February 1995, p.48. Alexander Nacht, "U.S. Foreign Policy Strategies," The Washington Quarterly, Summer 1995, p.202.

¥Ñ©ó¹ï§N¾Ô«á°ê»Ú¾Ô²¤Àô¹Òªº»{ÃѦs¦³¤W­z®t²§¡A¾Ô²¤¾Ç®a­Ì¦bÃö©ó¬ü°êÀ³§@¦ó¾Ô²¤¿ï¾Üªº°ÝÃD¤W«Ü¦ÛµM¦a´N·|§Î¦¨¤£¦P¥D±i¡C®Ú¾Ú³Â¬Ù²z¤u¾Ç°|¬Fªv¾Ç±Ð±Â¤ÚùØR. ªi´Ë©M¬ü°ê®ü­x¾Ôª§¾Ç°|°ê®a¦w¥þ¨Æ°È±Ð±Â¦w¼w¾|ù´µªºÂk¯Ç¡A¸û¦¨Åé¨tªº¤j¾Ô²¤(Grand Strategy)¥D±i¥D­n¦³¡§·s©t¥ß¥D¸q¡¨(Neo-Isolationism)¡B¡§¿ï¾Ü©Ê±µÄ²¡¨(Selective Engagement)¡B¡§¦X§@¦w¥þ¡¨ (Cooperative Security)¤Î¡§Àu¶Õ¥D¾É¡¨(Primacy)¥|ºØBarry R. Posen and Andrew L. Ross, "Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy," International Security, Vol.21, No.3, Winter 1996/1997, pp.5-53..

·s©t¥ß¥D¸q¾Ô²¤±N«O½Ã¡§¬ü°ê¤H¥Áªº¦w¥þ¡B¦Û¥Ñ¤Î°]²£¡¨µø¬°¬ü°ê°ß¤@ªºÃöÁä§Q¯q¡A»{¬°¥ô¦ó°ê®a³£µL¤O¹ï¬ü°êªº¥DÅv¡B»â¤g§¹¾ã¤Î¦w¥þºc¦¨«Â¯Ù¡A¬ü°ê¨S¦³³d¥ô¤]¤£¯à´£¨ÑºûÅ@¥@¬É¯´§Çªº¥N»ù¡A¦Ó¥H­x¨Æ¤â¬q«P¶i¥Á¥D©M¤HÅvµ¥»ù­ÈÆ[¥u·|¾D­P¨ä¥L°ê®a¹ï¬ü°êªº¤£º¡¡A¦]¦¹«Øij¬ü°ê­n«O«ù¦æ°Êªº¦Û¥Ñ©M¾Ô²¤¤Wªº¿W¥ß©Ê¡A¤Ö±²¤J¥~³¡¨Æ°È¡A­«ÂI¸Ñ¨M¦n¦Û¨­¦s¦bªº¸gÀÙ©MªÀ·|°ÝÃD¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥D±i±N¥_¬ùªº¥¼¨Ó¥æ»P¼Ú¬w¡A±N¥_´ÂÂAªº«Â¯Ù¥æ»PÁú°ê³B²z¡A¹ê¦æ«Dµ²·ù¾Ô²¤¡A»{¬°°ê»Ú²Õ´¥i§@¹ï¸Ü³õ©Ò¡A¦ýµL»s³y©Îºû«ù©M¥­ªº¸q°È¡A¤H¹D´©§U¤]­n¶È­­©ó¦ÛµM¨a®`½d³ò¡C¾¨ºÞ·s©t¥ß¥D¸q¹ï¬ü°ê¬F©²¨Mµ¦ªº¼vÅT¦³­­¡A¦ý§@¬°¤@ºØ¨ã¦³²`«p¶Ç²ÎªºªÀ·|«ä¼é¡A¨ä¼vÅT¥ç¤£®e©¿²¤¡C¦³Ãö·s©t¥ß¥D¸q¾Ô²¤ªº°ò¥»«ä¸ô©M¥D±i¥i°Ñ¨£Patrick J. Buchanan, "America First¢wand Second, and Third," National Interest, Spring 1990, pp.77-82; Earl Ravenal, "The Case for Adjustment," Foreign Policy, Winter 1990-91, pp.3-19; Doug Bandow, "Keeping the Troops and the Money at Home," Current History, Vol. 93, No. 579, January 1994, pp.8-13; Eric A. Nordlinger, Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for a New Century (Princeton University Press, 1995); Eugene Gholz, Daryl G. Press, and Harvey M. Sapolsky, "Come Home, America," International Security, Vol. 21, No. 4, Spring 1997, pp.5-48.

¿ï¾Ü©Ê±µÄ²¾Ô²¤Ãöª`ªº­«ÂI¬Oºû«ù¨ã¦³¤u·~©M­x¨Æ¼ç¤Oªº±j°ê(¥D­n¥]¬A¬ü¡B¼Ú¡B¤é¡B¤¤¡B«X)¶¡ªº©M¥­¡A»{¬°»P¨ä¥L½Ä¬ð¬Û¤ñ¡A±j°ê¶¡ªº½Ä¬ð·|¹ï¬ü°ê³y¦¨§ó¤j«Â¯Ù¡A¾¨ºÞ¥Ø«e±j°ê¶¡¦s¦bµÛ¤@ºØ§¡¶Õµ²ºc¡A¦ý¤]¦³¨ä¯Ü®z©Ê¡A¦]¦¹³q¹L°Ñ»P°ê»Ú¨Æ°È¡A½T«O±j°ê¤§¶¡§¡¶Õµ²ºcªºÃ­©w¦Ü¬°ÃöÁä¡C¥Ñ©ó¥»¨­¤O¶qªº­­«×¡A¥[¤§Àu¶ÕÀH®É¶¡±À²¾¬Û¹ïÁY¤p¡A¬ü°ê¬JµL¤O§@¥@¬Éĵ¹î¡A¤]µL¤Oºû«ùÅQÅv¦a¦ì¡A³o´N»Ý­n¬ü°ê¦b§V¤O¼W±j¸gÀÙ©M­x¨Æ¹ê¤Oªº¦P®É¡A­n°Ï¤À­«ÂI¡A¥R¤À¦Ò¼{¾÷·|¦¨¥»¡Aµ½©ó§Q¥Î¶Ç²Î·ù°êªº¤O¶q¡A¶°¤¤½T«O¼Ú¬w¡BªF¨È¤Î¤¤ªF/¦è«n¨È³o¨Ç¹ï¬ü°ê§Q¯q§ñÃö¦a°Ïªº¡§Ã­©w»P©M¥­¡¨. Robert Art, "A Defensible Defense: America's Grand Strategy after the Cold War," International Security, Vol.15, No.4, Spring 1991, pp.5-53; James Schlesinger, "Quest for a Post-Cold War Foreign Policy," Foreign Affairs, Vol.72, America and the World 1992/93, pp.17-28.

Àu¶Õ¥D¾É¾Ô²¤¥H¹ê²{¨Ã½T«O¬ü°ê¦b¥þ²yªº»â¾É¦a¦ì¬°³Ì°ª¥Ø¼Ð¡A¦ÓÃöª`ªº­«¤ß¦P¼Ë¶°¤¤¤_¼Ú¡B¨È¤Î¤¤ªF¦a°Ï¡A¨Ã±N³o¨Ç¦a°Ïªº¡§Ã­©w¡¨µø¬°¬ü°ê³ÌÃöÁ䪺§Q¯q¡C¦ý»P¿ï¾Ü©Ê°Ñ»P¾Ô²¤±j½Õºû«ù±j°ê¶¡ªº§¡¶Õµ²ºc¤£¦P¡A¸Ó¾Ô²¤»{¬°¥u¦³ºû«ù¤@ºØ¡§«D§¡¶Õ¡¨(imbalance of power)µ²ºc¡A¤]§Y¥u¦³¬ü°ê«O«ù±j¤jªº¡§¤O¶qÀu¶Õ¡¨(preponderance of power)©M·½¦Û©ó§N¾ÔªºÅQÅv¦a¦ì¡A¤~¯à«OÃÒ¥@¬É¯´§ÇªºÃ­©w©M¬ü°êªº¦w¥þ¡A¦Ó¬ü°êªº¤O¶qÀu¶Õ¤Sµ´¤£¯àº¡¨¬¤_¡§©~±j°ê¤§­º¡¨(primus inter pares)ªºª¬ºA¡A¥²¶·§Î¦¨¤@ºØ¡§¿W¤j¡¨(primus solus)ªº§½­±¡A¥HºÉ¥i¯àºû«ù§N¾Ô«á¥X²{ªº¡§³æ·¥¡¨¥@¬É®æ§½¡CBarry R. Posen and Andrew L. Ross, "Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy" , p.32; Zalmay Khalilzad, "Losing the Unipolar Moment?" The Washington Quarterly, Spring 1995, pp.87-107; William Kristol and Robert Kagan, "Toward a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy," Foreign Affairs, Vol.75, No.4, July/August 1996, pp.20-23.¥¿¬O¦b³o¤@«ä·Q¤ä°t¤U¡AÀu¶Õ¥D¾É¾Ô²¤ªº¥Nªí¤Hª«¤§¤@¡B¦b¥¬§Æ¬F©²¥ô°ê¨¾³¡­t³d¬Fµ¦­p¹ºªº§U²z°Æ³¡ªø²{´N¾Äõ¼w¤½¥qªº²Ïº¸±ö¥dùزϼw´£¥X¤F¨ã¸Ó¬£¯S¦âªº¤C¤jºõ»â©Ê«Øij¡G¨¾¤î¦bÃöÁä¦a°Ï¥X²{¼Ä¹ïªºÅQÅv°ê®a¡F¹Kªý«Xù´µ«Ò°êªº´_¬¡¡Fªý¤î¤¤°êªº¡§ÂX±i¥D¸q¡¨¶É¦V¡Fºû«ù¬ü°ê¦b­x¨Æ¤Wªºµ´¹ïÀu¶Õ¡F¼W±j¬ü°êªº¸gÀÙ¹ê¤O¡F©úÂ_¦a¹B¥ÎªZ¤O¡F¨ú±o¨Ã«O«ù°ê¤º¹ï¬ü°êºû«ù¥þ²y»â¾É¦a¦ìªº¤ä´©¡CZalmay Khalilzad, "Losing the Unipolar Moment?" The Washington Quarterly, Spring 1995, p.95.

¡§¦X§@¦w¥þ¡¨¬O¥|ºØ¾Ô²¤ºc·Q¤¤°ß¤@¥H¦Û¥Ñ¥D¸q¦Ó«D²{¹ê¥D¸q²z½×Ãö©ó²{¹ê¥D¸q»P¦Û¥Ñ¥D¸q²z½×°Ï§Oªº¸ÔºÉ°Q½×¨£David A. Baldwin, ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, Columbia University Press, 1993.¬°¤ä¼µÂIªº¾Ô²¤³]­p¡C¨ä²z½×«e´£¥i·§¬A¬°¨â­Ó¤è­±¡C¤@¤è­±¡A§N¾Ôµ²§ô«á¡A¤j³W¼Ò·´·À©ÊªZ¾¹¨³³tÂX´²ªº¥i¯à©Ê¤j¤j¼W¥[¡AºØ±Ú½Ä¬ðº©©µ¡AÃø¥Á¼é¤£Â_¡A¥[¤§¥þ²y¸ê°T¶Ç¼½·~ªº¥[³tµo®i¡A¨Ï¦U°ê¡§¾Ô²¤¨Ì¿à©Ê¡¨ªºµ{«×©úÅã´£°ª¡A©M¥­¹ê»Ú¤W¤w¤£¥i¤À³Î¡A½Ä¬ðªº¼vÅT¥çµL¤j°ê¤p°ê¤§¤À¡C¬ü°êªº§Q¯q¬O¥þ²y©Êªº¡A¥@¬Éªº©M¥­ª½±µÃö«Y¨ì¬ü°êªº­«¤j°ê®a§Q¯q¡AµL½×¦ó¦a¥X²{½Ä¬ð³£¦³·l¬ü°êªº§Q¯q¡A©Ò¥H¥²¶·­«µø°ê»Ú¦X§@¡A¥H«ÂÄà¨Ã®À±ÑµL½×¦ó³B¥X²{ªº«I²¤¦æ¬°¡A§Î¦¨¤@ºØ¡§¤H¤H¬°§Ú¡A§Ú¬°¤H¤H¡¨(all for one and one for all)ªº°ê»Ú¦@¥ÍÃö«Y¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡AÀHµÛ¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥DÆ[©Àªº¶Ç¼½¡A¥Á¥D°ê®a¼W¦h¡A¥B¾ú¥vÃÒ©ú¥Á¥D°ê®a©Î¥¿¦b¨«¦V¥Á¥Dªº°ê®a¬Û¤¬¶¡¤@¯ë³£¤£­P¾É­P¾Ôª§¡A¨Ï±o°ê»Ú¦X§@ªº¥i¦æ©Ê¤j¤j´£°ª¡CBarry R. Posen and Andrew L. Ross, "Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy, " pp.23-25; Ashton B. Carter, William J. Perry and John D. Steinbruner, "A New Concept of Cooperative Security," Occasional Paper, Brookings Institution, 1992.°ò©ó³o¨â­Ó«e´£¡A¡§¦X§@¦w¥þ¡¨¾Ô²¤ªº¹ª§jªÌ±j½Õ¬J­n­«µø¤j°ê¶¡ªº©M¥­¡A¤]­n­«µø¤p¦a°Ï©M¤p°êªºÃ­©w¡A¥D±i­n¹ï¥þ²y©Ò¦³©Ê½èªº½Ä¬ð¶i¦æ¤z¯A¡A¥]¬A­x¨Æ¤z¯A©M¤H¹D¤z¯A¡C·íµM¡A³oºØ¤z¯A¥²¶·¬O¥H°ê»Ú²Õ´ªº¦W¸q¶i¦æ¡A¥H¨ú±o°ê¤º©M°ê»Úªº¤ä´©¡A¨Ã´î»´¬ü°êªº¡§­t¾á¡¨¡C³o´N­n¨D¥[±j°ê»Ú²Õ´¯S§O¬OÁp¦X°êªº§@¥Î¡A¨Ï¤§¦b¨ó½Õ°ê»ÚªÀ·|¨¾¤î©M¥´À»«I²¤¦æ¬°¤¤§êºtÃöÁ䨤¦â¡A¦Ó·í³oÃþ°ê»Ú©Ê²Õ´Ãø¥H¦³®Äµo´§¨ä¨ó½Õ©M²Õ´¥\¯à®É¡A´N­n¥R¤À§Q¥Î½Ñ¦p¥_¬ù(«ü¸g§ï­²«áªº¥_¬ù)³o¼Ëªº¦a°Ï²Õ´«ì´_¯´§Ç¡C³o»P·½¦Û·s¨î«×¾Ç¬£ªº¡§¦h¼h¦¸°ê»ÚºÞ±±¡¨(layered governance)²z½×»á¦³¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡C¸Ó²z½×±q®Ä²v­ì«h¥Xµo¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ¥D±i±N«D©x¤èªº°ê»Ú²Õ´¯Ç¤J¡§¦h¼h¦¸°ê»ÚºÞ±±¡¨Åé¨t¤§¤¤¡C°Ñ¨£Philip G. Cerny, "Globalization and the Changing Logic of Collective Action," International Organization, Autumn 1995, pp.595-625.¤×¨ä­«­nªº¬O¡AÂÇ©ú½Tªí¹F°ê»Ú¤z¯Aªº¨M¤ßÁÙ¥i¹ï¤Ö¼Æ©Ò¿×¡§µL¿à°ê®a¡¨(rogue states)¦p§Q¤ñ¨È¡B¥ì©Ô§J¡B¥ì®Ô¡B¥j¤Úµ¥°_¨ì³Ì¤jªº«ÂÄà§@¥Î¡C¤£¹L¡A¶È¦³¤z¯A©M¤z¯Aªº¨M¤ß©|¥B¤£°÷¡AÁÙ¥²¶·¦³¹w¨¾±¹¬I»P¤§¬Û°t¦X¡A¦p³q¹L«P¶i¤¤°ê©M«Xù´µµ¥°êªº¥Á¥D¤Æ´£°ª°ê»Ú¦X§@ªº¾÷·|©M¦³®Ä©Ê¡A³q¹L±À°Ê­x±±¡B¼W¥[³z©ú«×¤Î¡§«Ø¥ß«H¥ô±¹¬I¡¨(CSBMs)µ¥°ê»Ú¡§«Ø¨î¡¨(regime)¡A¦b­«ÂI¨¾¤î¤j³W¼Ò·´·À©ÊªZ¾¹ÂX´²¯S§O¬O¨¾¤î·sªº®Ö°ê®a¥X²{ªº¦P®É¡AÁקK¦]¦UºØ¤£½T©w¦]¯À¾É­P½Ä¬ð¡A¥H³Ì²×¹ê²{¡§¦X§@¦w¥þ¡¨¤Uªº¥þ²y©M¥­¡CBarry R. Posen and Andrew L. Ross, "Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy, " pp.24-30.

¥i¥HªÖ©w¡A³o³õÅG½×ÁÙ·|«ùÄò¤U¥h¡A¦U¤è­n·Q¹F¦¨¤@­P¥ç«D©ö¨Æ¡C¦¹ºØª¬ªp»P§N¾Ô®É´Áªº¹K¨î¾Ô²¤¨³³t±o¨ì¦U¤è»{¦P§Î¦¨¤F©úÅã¤Ï®t¡C¨s¨ä­ì¦]¡A´N¦b©ó§N¾Ô´Á¶¡¹ï¤â³æ¤@¡A¥Ø¼Ð©ú½T¡A¾Ô²¤¤Wªº¿ï¾Ü¬Û¹ï¸û©ö¡F§N¾Ô«á¡A¶Ç²Î·N¸q¤Wªº¡§«Â¯Ù¡¨¤w¤£´_¦s¦b¡A·sªº«Â¯Ù§ó¨ã¦³¤À´²©Ê©M¦h¼Ë¤Æªº¯SÂI¡A¤£½T©w¦]¯À©úÅã¼W¦h¡A±q¦Ó¥[¤j¤F¾Ô²¤¨î­qªº½ÆÂø©Ê¡C¥[¤§¡A¬ü°ê¤D§N¾Ô«á°ß¤@ªº¶W¯Å¤j°ê¡A§Q¯q¾î«±¥þ²y¡A¦Û©R³d¥ô­«¤j¡A¦]¦Ó¡§¥]µö¡¨¨H­«¡A»´­«½w«æÃø©ó¨ú±Ë¡A¹ï¥~¾Ô²¤ªº½Õ¾ã¥²µM­n¦³¦±§é©M¤Ï´_¡CµM¦Ó¡A´N¾ã­ÓÅG½×±¡ªp¦Ó¨¥¡AÅG½×¦U¤è¦b¥»½è¤W¨Ã«D³B©ó¤@ºØµ´¹ïªº¬Û¤¬±Æ¥¸ª¬ºA¡A¥u¬O¦]¬°¦U¦Û±j½Õªº­«ÂI¦³©Ò°¼­«¦Ó§Î¦¨¤F¤£¦Pªº¾Ô²¤¥D±i¡C»{ÃѤ£¦P¡A¥D±i¦U²§¡A¤]¥¿¬O¨Mµ¦¹Lµ{ªº¥²­n«e´£»P°ò¥»«OÃÒ¡C¥H¡§§JªL¹y¥D¸q¡¨¬°¼Ð»xªº¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤ºc·Q¡A¥ç¥i¨£¨ì¤W­z¦UºØ¥D±i©Îª½±µ©Î¶¡±µªº¼vÅT¡C

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1992¦~¬O§N¾Ôµ²§ô«á¬ü°êªº­º¦¸Á`²Î¤j¿ï¦~¡A°ªÁ|¡§ÅÜ­²¡¨ºX¼mªº¤ñº¸§JªL¹y³Ì²×¾Ô³Ó¦b¥ôÁ`²Î³ìªv¥¬§Æ¡A¦¨¬°¬ü°ê²Ä42¥ôÁ`²Î¡C­P¤O©ó¡§ÅÜ­²¡¨ªº§JªL¹y¾¨ºÞ¤©¤H¥H¡§­«¤º¡¨ªº¦L¶H¡A¦ý§@¬°¥@¬É¡§°ß¤@¶W¯Å¤j°ê¡¨ªºÁ`²Î®Ú¥»¤£¥i¯à¡§»´¥~¡¨¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¥H¤º«P¥~¡A¥H¥~§U¤º¡A¨D¨ú¤º¥~ªº¥­¿Å©M¨}©Ê¤¬°Ê¡A¥¿¬O§JªL¹y¬F©²¦b³W¹º¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤®É¤O¹Ï¶W¶V¥¬§Æ¬F©²¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨ªºÃöÁ䤧³B¡A¤]¬O¡§§JªL¹y¥D¸q¡¨(Clinton Doctrine)ªº¯S¦â©Ò¦b¡C

¦­¦bÁ`²ÎÄv¿ïªì´Á¡A§@¬°­Ô¿ï¤Hªº§JªL¹y´¿´N¥¼¨Ó¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦ºc·Qµoªí¹L¨â½g«D±`­«­nªºÁ¿¸Ü¡C¤@½g¦b³ìªv´°¤j¾Ç¡AÃD¥Ø¬°¡§¬ü°ê¦w¥þªº·s«´¬ù¡¨¡A®É¶¡¬O1991¦~12¤ë12¤é¡A¤@½g¦b¦ì©ó¯Ã¬ùªº¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦¨ó·|¡A®É¶¡¬O1992¦~4¤ë1¤é¡C±q³o¨â½gÁ¿¸Ü¤¤¡A¤£Ãø¬Ý¥X¡§§JªL¹y¥D¸q¡¨¤£¦P©ó¥¬§Æ¡§¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨ªº´X­Ó©úÅã¯SÂI¡C

­º¥ý¡A¹ï¬ü°ê¦b§N¾Ô«á­±Á{ªº¾Ô²¤Àô¹Òªº¦ô­p¤Ö¤F¨Çª¼¥Ø¡A¦h¤F¨Ç²z©Ê¡C¦b§JªL¹y¬Ý¨Ó¡A·sÀô¹Ò§e²{¤T¤j¯S¼x¡C¨ä¤@¡A§N¾Ôµ²§ô«á¬ü°ê­±Á{§ó¬°½ÆÂø©M¦h¼Ë¤Æªº·s«Â¯Ù¡C³o¨Ç·s«Â¯Ù¨Ó¦Û¿WÁpÅé¦U°ê¤º³¡©M¦U°ê(¨ä¤¤ªº¥|°êÁÙ¾Ö¦³®ÖªZ¾¹)¤§¶¡ªº½Ä¬ð¡B®Ö¤Î¥Í¤ÆªZ¾¹ªºÂX´²¡F´ÂÂA¥b®q©M¤¤ªFªº¦a°Ïºò±i§Î¶Õ¡B®£©Æ¥D¸qªÌ¹ï®ü¥~¬ü°ê¤Hªº§ðÀ»¥H¤Î«n´µ©Ô¤Ò»P¨ä¥L¦U¦a¸óÃä¬ÉªººØ±Ú¹ï¥ß©M¤ÀÂ÷¥D¸q¼É¤Oªº¼WªøÁͶյ¥¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ¦³Àô¹Ò´c¤Æ»P¨ä¥L¥þ²y©Ê°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«Â¯Ù¡C¨ä¤G¡A¸ê°T®É¥N¨ÓÁ{¡AÆ[©Àªº¶Ç¼½¨ã¦³¤£¥iªý¾×ªº¤O¶q¡C±q¬fªLÀð­Ë¶ò¨ìĬªF¥¨ÅÜ¡A±q¤Ñ¦wªù¨Æ¥ó¨ì°Ò¼w©ÔÀò±o¦Û¥Ñ¡A¬Ò»¡©ú¤F³o¼Ëªº¤@ºØÁͶաC³o·N¨ýµÛ¬ü°ê­±Á{±À°Ê¥þ²y¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥Dªº¾ú¥v¾÷¹J¡C¨ä¤T¡A¬ü°êªº¸gÀÙ¹ê¤O¤w¨ü¨ì«d®z¡C³o±N¼vÅT¬ü°ê¦b¥@¬É¨Æ°È¤¤ªº»â¾É¯à¤O¡AÃø¥HÀ³¥I¤W­z·sªº«Â¯Ù¡A§ì¦í·sªº¾÷¹J¡CWilliam J. Clinton, "A New Covenant for American Security," Georgetown University, December 12, 1991, pp.2-3. Remarks Prepared for Delivery, Governor Bill Clinton, Foreign Policy Association, New York, April 1, 1992, pp.2-3.

¨ä¦¸¡A¦b¾Ô²¤«ü¾É«ä·Q¤W¡AÁöµM²z·Q¥D¸q¦¨¥÷¨S¦³´î¤Ö¡A¦ý§óª`·N´M¨D²z·Q»P²{¹êªº¥­¿Å¡C§JªL¹y»{¬°¥¬§Æ¬F©²¹ï§N¾Ô«á¾Ô²¤Àô¹Òªº½ÆÂø©Ê©MÄY®m©ÊÄY­«¦ô­p¤£¨¬¡A§ó¥¼°µ¥X¿n·¥¦³®Äªº¤ÏÀ³¡C¥L§åµû¥¬§Æ¥u¡§¤^¨D©ó¤@ºØ¥@¬É·s¯´§Ç¡¨¡A«o¨S¦³¬°¬ü°ê½T¥ß·sªº¾Ô²¤¥Ø¼Ð¡F¥uÃö¤ß¥~³¡¨Æ°È¡A«o©¿µø¤FÀ³¸Ó¯S§O¤©¥H­«µøªº°ê¤º¸gÀÙ©MªÀ·|°ÝÃD¡F¥u±j½Õ¬Fªví©w©M¦P¦U°ê»â¾É¤Hªº­Ó¤HÃö«Y¡A«o¨S¦³¤@¶µ±À¶i¦Û¥Ñ¡B¥Á¥D¤Î¸gÀÙ¼Wªøªº­º§À¤@­Pªº¬Fµ¦¡A¤ä´©¥Á¥DªººA«×±`±`µS¿Ý¤£¨M¡A§¤¥¢§N¾Ôµ²§ô«á¦V¥þ²y±À¼s¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[ªº¨}¾÷¡C¬°¤FªÈ¥¿¥¬§Æ¬F©²¦s¦bªº³o¨Ç¡§°¾®t¡¨¡A§JªL¹y±j½Õ¬ü°ê¥²¶·¨î©w¤@¶µ¾AÀ³·s®É¥NÀô¹ÒÅܤƪº¥þ·sªº¡§±µÄ²¾Ô²¤¡¨(the strategy of engagement)¡A¦Ó³o¤@¾Ô²¤¥²¶·­«µø°ê¤º°ÝÃD¡A¯S§O¬O¸gÀÙ°ÝÃD¡A¦]¬°¡§Ä¬Ápªº±Y¼ì´N·½©ó¨ä¤º³¡¸gÀÙ¡B¬Fªv¥H¤Îºë¯«ªº¥¢±Ñ¡¨¡A¤]¦]¬°¡§µê®zªº¸gÀÙ©M¤£½T©wªº«e´º±N·l®`­x¨Æ¥¨¤Hªº¾Ô°«¤O¡¨¡F¥²¶·«O«ù¹ï¥~»P¹ï¤ºªº¥­¿Å¡A¡§¤µ¤éªº¥@¬É¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦»P¹ï¤º¬Fµ¦¤w¤£¥i¤À³Î¡A¦pªG§Ú­Ì°ê¤O¤£±j¡A´N¤£¥i¯à¤@¦p¬J©¹¦a»â¾É¥@¬É¡A¦pªG§Ú­Ì±q¥@¬É°hÁY¡A¤]·|¶Ë®`¨ì°ê¤ºªº¸gÀÙ¡¨¡F¥²¶·¦b¥@¬É½d³ò®Â½Ã¦Û¥Ñ«P¶i¥Á¥D¡A¡§³o¤£¶È¶È¬O§Ú­Ì³Ì²`¨èªº»ù­ÈÅé²{¡A¤]¬O§Ú­Ì°ê®a§Q¯qªºÃöÁ䡨¡A¦]¬°¡§¥þ²y¥Á¥D¤Æ·N¨ýµÛ°ê®a¬Û¤¬¤§¶¡ªº©M¥­¤ÎÆ[©À»P°Ó·~ªº¶}©ñ¡¨. Clinton, "A New Covenant for American Security," pp.1-2. Remarks Prepared for Delivery, pp.4-5.

¦A¦¸¡A´£¥X¤F·sªº§V¤O¤è¦V¡C¨Ì¾Ú¤W­z«ü¾É«ä·Q¡A§JªL¹y¶i¤@¨B±q¤T­Ó¤è­±ÄÄ­z¤F¬ü°êÀ³°l¨Dªº¥Ø¼Ð©M§V¤O¤è¦V¡C (1)­«·sºc¿v¾AÀ³§N¾Ô«á¦w¥þÀô¹Ò¦h¼Ë¤Æ¡B½ÆÂø¤Æ¤Î¤£½T©w©Êªº­x¨Æ¤O¶q¡A¨Ï¤§§ó¬°ºë·F¡BÆF¬¡¡B¯à¤O§ó±j¡A¥H½T«O¦b¬ü°ê§Q¯q¨ü¨ì«Â¯Ù©Î¬ü°ê¦w¥þ¨ü¨ì¬D¾Ô®É¯à°÷°µ¥X¦³®Ä¤ÏÀ³¨Ã¨ú±o³Ó§Q¡C (2)«P¶i¥@¬Éªº¥Á¥D¤Æ¡C¬°¦¹¡A­n¥R¤Àµo´§¦è¤è·ù°êªº§@¥Î¡A§Q¥Î¥~¥æ©M¥]¬A´©§U¡B§ë¸ê¡B¶T©ö¡B¨îµô¦b¤ºªº¸gÀÙ§þ§ý¤Î³]¥ß¦Û¥Ñ¨È¬w¹q»Oµ¥¦UºØ¤â¬q¡Aµo°_¤@³õ±j¦³¤Oªº¥þ²y¥Á¥D¤Æ¹B°Ê¡A¨Ï¨«¥Á¥Dµo®i¹D¸ôªº°ê®a±o¨ì¹ªÀy»P¤ä´©¡A¨Ï©Úµ´¥Á¥Dªº°ê®a¥I¥X§ó°ª¥N»ù¡C (3)­P¤O©ó«ì´_¬ü°ê¦b¥þ²yªº¸gÀÙ»â¾É¦a¦ì¡CClinton, "A New Covenant for American Security," pp.3-11. Remarks Prepared for Delivery, pp.5-11.

¤J¥D¥Õ®c¤§«á¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²¥[ºò¸¨¹ê¡§§JªL¹y¥D¸q¡¨¡A¸g¹L¤Ï´_¼Ò¯Á©MÁ`µ²¡A¬ü°êªº¥þ²y¾Ô²¤³Ì²×±o¥H§Î¦¨¡C®Ú¾Ú1994-1996¦~¦U¦~«×ªº¡mÁ`²Î°ê®a¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤³ø§i¡n¡B¡m°ê¨¾³ø§i¡nµ¥¤@¨t¦C¬F©²¤½¶}¤å¥ó©M§JªL¹y¬F©²°ª¼h¬F­nªº¤@¨t¦C¬Fµ¦Á¿¸Ü§PÂ_¡A³o¤@¾Ô²¤°ò¥»¤W¬O¥H«e­z¡§Àu¶Õ¥D¾É¾Ô²¤¡¨¥D±i¬°¥D·F¡A­Ý¦Ó§l¦¬¡§¿ï¾Ü©Ê±µÄ²¾Ô²¤¡¨©M¡§¦X§@¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤¡¨ªº³¡¤À¥D±i§Î¦¨ªº¡A¬G±N¤§ºÙ¬°¡§Àu¶Õ¥D¾É¥[ÆF¬¡¤ÏÀ³¡¨¾Ô²¤¡C

¨ä¤¤¡A¡§¥D¾É¡¨¬O¸Ó¾Ô²¤ªº®Ö¤ß¡A°ò¥»§t¸q¬O¹ê²{¨Ã½T«O¬ü°ê¦b¥þ²yªº»â¾É¦a¦ì¡C¹ï¦¹¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²¥i»¡¬Oª½¨¥¤£¿Ð¡C1993¦~1¤ë18¤éÁ`²Î´N¾«e¤i¡A§JªL¹y²Ä¤G¦¸¦b³ìªv´°¤j¾ÇµoªíºtÁ¿®É´N©ú½Tªí¥Ü¡G¾¨ºÞ¡§¬ü°ê¤£¥i¯à¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¤£À³¸Ó³æ¿W©Ó¨üºû«ù¥@¬É¯´§Çªº­t¾á¡¨¡A¦ý­n¸Ñ¨M½Ñ¦pºØ±Ú½Ä¬ð¡B¥ý¶iªZ¾¹ÂX´²¡B®£©Æ¥D¸q¡B¬r«~¨«¨p¡BÀô¹Ò´c¤Æµ¥§N¾Ô«á§ó¥[¬ð¥Xªº·s«¬¥þ²y¦w¥þ°ÝÃD¡A¡§´N»Ý­n¬ü°ê±j¦³¤Oªº»â¾É¡¨. Clinton 1/18/93 Remarks to Diplomats in Georgetown Univercity, USIA Wireless File, Jan. 20,1993, p.7.¦P¦~6¤ë1¤é¡A®É¥ô¬ü°ê°ê°È­ë§JùØ´µ¦«¥±À³·s»D¬É­n¨D¡A¥ç¹ï¡§§JªL¹y¥D¸q¡¨§@¤F¦p¤UÅv«Â©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ¡G§Ú»{¬°§JªL¹y¥D¸q§t¦³¤@¨Ç·¥­«­nªº­n¯À¡C¤]³\³Ì­«­nªº´N¬O¬ü°ê(¦b¥þ²y¨Æ°È¤¤)¥²¶·µo´§»â¾É§@¥Î¡C·N«ä¬O§Ú­Ì¥²¶·¦b¦U­Ó¤è­±µo´§»â¾É§@¥Î¡C¡K¡K³o¬O§JªL¹y¬F©²ªº°ò¥»«H±ø¤§¤@¡C²Ä¤G­Ó­n¯À¤]³\¬Û·í·L§®¡A¦ý¤]·¥¬°­«­n¡A³o´N¬O­n­ÝÅU°ê¤º°ÝÃD»P°ê¥~°ÝÃDªº¤¬°ÊÃö«Y¡CChristopher Outline Clinton Foreign Policy Elements, Interview on the PBS MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour Program, USIA Wireless File, June 3, 1993, p.8.¦¹«á¡A¡§¬ü°ê¥²¶·»â¾É¡¨ªº´£ªk§ó¬O¥R¥¸©ó¬F©²¤½¶}¤å¥ó©M°ª¼h¬F­nªºÁ¿¸Ü¤§¤¤¡A¨ä¥X²{ªºÀW²v¤§°ª¡A¥i»¡¥vµL«e¨Ò¡CÁöµM³o¤@´£ªk»Pù´µºÖ¦b²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô«á©M¥¬§Æ¦b§N¾Ôµ²§ô¤§ªìªº¥Ø¼Ð¦³·¥±K¤Áªº¶Ç©ÓÃö«Y¡A¦ý±j½Õªºµ{«×«h©úÅã»·¬Æ©ó«e¨â­Ó®É´Á¡C

¹ï©ó§JªL¹y¬F©²¦p¦¹±j½Õªº¡§¬ü°ê¥²¶·»â¾É¡¨¡A»Ý±q¥|­Ó¼h­±¨Ó²z¸Ñ¡C¨ä¤@¡A¦b²z½×¼h­±¹ï¡§·s©t¥ß¥D¸q¡¨¥[¥H©ú½T§_©w¡C§JªL¹y°õ¬Fªì´Á¡A¬ü°ê°ê¤ºªº¡§©t¥ß¥D¸q¡¨¶É¦V©úÅã¥[±j¡C¾Ú²Î­p¡A¬ü°ê°ê¤º¦b1993¦~¡§¹ï°ê¤ºÄ³¨Æ¤éµ{¤ä´©ªºµ{«×»·¶W¹L¹ï°ê»Úij¨Æ¤éµ{ªº¤ä´©¡¨; 1990-1994¦~¹ï¬ü°ê·ù¤Í¦w¥þ´£¨Ñ¨¾½Ãªº¤ä´©²v±q61%­°¨ì¤F41%¡A¹ï«OÅ@®z¤p¥Á±Ú§K¨ü¥~°ê«I²¤ªº¤ä´©²v«h¥Ñ57%¨³³t·Æ¸¨¨ì24%¡C¦¹¥~¡A¹ï©ó«P¶i¤HÅvªº¤ä´©²v§ó¤U­°24%, ¹ï§ïµ½¸¨«á°ê®a¥Í¬¡¤ô¥­ªº¤ä´©²v¤]¤U­°¤F19%. From Eugene R. Wittkopf, "What Americans Really Think about Foreign Policy," The Washington Quarterly, Summer 1996, pp.91-92.°w¹ï³oºØ±¡ªp¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²¤@¤è­±±j½Õ°ª«×­«µø°ê¤º°ÝÃDªº¥²­n©Ê¡A¥t¤@¤è­±³q¹L¤Ï´_«Å¶Ç¡§¬ü°ê¥²¶·»â¾É¡¨¨Ó§_©w¡§©t¥ß¥D¸q¡¨¡A¨Ã«ü¥X¡G¡§§Ú­Ì¬O¥@¬É¤W³Ì±j¤jªº°ê®a¡A¬J¦³¥þ²y§Q¯q¡A¤]­t¦³¦UºØ³d¥ô¡C¥¿¦p§Ú°ê¦b²Ä¤@¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô«á±o¨ìªº¸gÅç±Ð°V¤@¼Ë¡A§Ú­Ì¬J¤£¯à¦b©t¥ß¥D¸q¤¤¬°¬ü°ê§ä¨ì¦w¥þ¡A¤S¤£¯à¦b«OÅ@¥D¸qªººX¼m¤U¬°¬ü°ê±a¨ÓÁcºa¡¨. U.S. President William J. Clinton, "A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement." The White House, July 1994, U.S. Government Printing Office, p.iii.¨ä¤G¡A¦b¬Fµ¦¼h­±¡A½T¥ß¹ï¥~©^¦æ¡§°ê»Ú¥D¸q¡¨ªº¬Fµ¦¥ß³õ¡C1994¦~7¤ë¬ü°ê¡m°Ñ»P©MÂX®i°ê®a¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤¡n³ø§i«ÅºÙ¡G¡§¬ü°ê¦b¥@¬É¤Wªº»â¾É§@¥Î±q¥¼¹³²{¦b³o»ò­«­n¡C¦pªG§Ú­Ì¦b°ê¥~µo´§»â¾É§@¥Î¡A´N¯à°÷³q¹Lªý¤î«I²¤¡A«P¶i¦MÀIªº½Ä¬ð±o¨ì©M¥­¸Ñ¨M¡A¥´¶}¥~°ê¥«³õ¡AÀ°§U¥Á¥D¬FÅv©M¿n·¥¹ï¥I¥þ²y°ÝÃD¡A¨Ï¬ü°ê§ó¥[¦w¥þ§ó¥[Ácºa¡C¦pªG¨S¦³§Ú­Ì¦b®ü¥~ªº¿n·¥»â¾É©M°Ñ»P¡A¦UºØ«Â¯Ù´N·|¥[²`¡A¦Ó§Ú­Ìªº¾÷·|´N·|ÁY¤p¡¨. "A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement, " The White House, July 1994, p.2. ¨ä¤T¡A¦b¹ê½î¼h­±¡A¬°¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¶i¦æ¤z¹w»s³yÁֽשM¤ß²zÀu¶Õ¡C§N¾Ôµ²§ô«á¡A°ê»Ú¦w¥þÀô¹Ò§ó¥[½ÆÂø¡A¤£¥i´ú¦]¯À©úÅã¼W¦h¡A¦b­±¹ï¡§¦h±j¡¨Ävª§¦Ó²`·P¤O¤£±q¤ßªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¬ü°ê¬J»Ý­n·ù°ê¤ÀÅu§ó¦hªº¡§­t¾á¡¨¡A¤Sµ´¤£Ä@¦]¦¹³à¥¢¨ä¹ï°ê»Ú¨Æ°Èªº¥D¾É¯à¤O¡A¦]¦¹§Æ±æ³q¹L¡§¬ü°ê¥²¶·»â¾É¡¨ªº«Å¥Ü©M¿n·¥ªº¡§¹w¨¾¥~¥æ¡¨¡A¦b¹ê½î¤¤§Q¥Î¨ä¡§¤@¶W¡¨ªº¦³§Q¦a¦ì¡A¡§¶ì³y¡¨¤@ºØ¹ï¬ü¦³§QªºÀô¹Ò¡A¥H¡§ªï±µ¨Ó¦ÛµL¿à¬FÅv¡B¥Á±Ú¡B©v±Ð¤ÎºØ±Ú¤³«ë¬ðµMÃzµo¡Bµu´Á¦M¾÷µ¥¹ï§Ú­Ì§Q¯qªºª½±µ¬D¾Ô¡¨. William J. Clinton, "The Legacy of America's Leadership as We Enter the 21st Century," Address to the people of Detroit, Oct.22, 1996. U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Vol.7, No.43, Oct.21, 1996, p.518.¨ä¥|¡A¦b¾Ô²¤¼h­±¡Aµ¥©ó¬Oµo°_¤F¦A³Ð·sªº¡§¬ü°ê¥@¬ö¡¨¡A¹ê²{¡§¬ü°êªv¤Uªº©M¥­¡¨(§Y¡§¿W¤j¡¨§½­±)ªº¶i­x¥O¡C§@¬°20¥@¬ö¥½ªº¬ü°êÁ`²Î¡A§JªL¹yº¡Ãh¡§«C¥v¯d¦W¡¨¤§§Ó¡A¬°½T«O¬ü°ê¦b21¥@¬öªº¡§Àu¶Õ¥D¾É¡¨¡A§Y¡§¿W¤j¡¨¦a¦ì¡A¯S§O­«µø¡§¬°¥¼¨Ó¶i¦æªø´Á§ë¸ê¡¨¡A±j½Õ¡§¬ü°êªº»â¾É¡¨¨Ã«D¶ÈµÛ²´©ó·í«e¡A§ó­n¡§³q¹L§Ú­ÌªºÁn±æ¡A§Ú­Ìªº¤O¶q¡A§Ú­Ìªº¬ÛÃö¸ê·½¡AÁÙ­n³q¹L§Ú­Ìªºº]¼Ë¤O¶q¡A¨Ï¬ü°ê¨ã¦³¶ì³y¤@­Ó§ó¥[¦w¥þ¡BÁcºa¡B©M¥­¡B¦Û¥Ñªº¥@¬Éªº¿W¯S¯à¤O¡¨, ¡§¥H¥R¤À§â´¤¦í21¥@¬ö¬°§Ú­Ì´£¨Ñªº¦UºØ¾÷·|¡¨. Clinton, "The Legacy of America's Leadership as We Enter the 21st Century."

¨º»ò¡A¦p¦ó¹ê²{¨Ã½T«O¬ü°ê¦b¥þ²yªº¡§»â¾É¡¨¦a¦ì©O¡H¨Ì·Ó§JªL¹y¬F©²ªº¾Ô²¤³]­p¡AÃöÁä¬O­n¦b¤T¤j»â°ì«Ø¥ß°_¨c©Tªº¾Ô²¤¡§Àu¶Õ¡¨.

²Ä¤@¡A¦b¦w¥þ»â°ì¡A¿n·¥±À¦æ¡§¹w¨¾©Ê¨¾°È¡¨(Preventive Defense)¾Ô²¤¡A¥þ¤O«Øºc¬ü°ê¥D¾Éªº¥þ²y¦w¥þÅé¨t¡A¥H½T«O¹ê²{¡§¬ü°êªv¤Uªº©M¥­¡¨.

³oùتº¦w¥þ·§©ÀµLºÃ¥]¬A«Oæ½Ã¤g¡Aªý¤î¥~¨Ó«I²¤©M«Â¯Ù¡AºûÅ@¥Á±Ú¿W¥ß»P¦Û¥Ñ³oÃþ§ñÃö¦Û¨­¦s¤`ªº¶Ç²Î¦w¥þ°ÝÃD¡A¦ý¥Ñ©óĬÁp¸ÑÅé«á¬ü°ê­±Á{ªºª½±µ«Â¯Ù¤w¤j¤j®z¤Æ¡A¨ä¤º§tÅãµM¤w»·»·¶W¥X¤F¦¹¤@½d³ò¡A§ó¦h±j½Õªº¬O§N¾Ô«á¥YÅã¥X¨Óªº¦UºØ·s«¬¦a°Ï©Ê©M¸ó°ê©Ê«Â¯Ù¡A¥]¬AºØ±Ú½Ä¬ðº©©µ¡A¡§µL¿à°ê®a¡¨(rogue states)¦b¥þ²yÄY­«¦M¤Î°Ï°ìí©w¡A¤j³W¼Ò·´·À©ÊªZ¾¹ÂX´²¡A¤H¤f§Ö³t¦¨ªø³y¦¨ªºÀô¹Ò´c¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¦¹¾É­P³\¦h°ê®a©M¦a°Ï¬Fªv¤W¥X²{²V¶Ã¡A®£©Æ¥D¸q¡B°ê»Ú¥Ç¸o¡B¬r«~¨«¨p¤é¯q²s¼û¹ï¬ü°ê¡§¶}©ñ»P¦Û¥ÑªÀ·|¡¨ºc¦¨ªº«Â¯Ùµ¥¡C "A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement." The White House, 1994, 1995, 1996. »Ý­n±j½Õªº¬O¡A1997¨ì1999¦~¬ü°ê«a¥H¡§·s¥@¬ö¡¨ªº¦~«×°ê®a¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤³ø§i°£¤F¤@¨Çªí­z¤WªºÅܤƥ~¡A¤´«O«ùªº¬O«e¤T¥÷³ø§iªº°ò¥»¤º®e»P°ò½Õ¡C³o¤@¤è­±»¡©ú¬ü§N¾Ô«á¥þ²y¾Ô²¤°ò¥»¦b1996¦~¤§«e§Y¤w§Î¦¨¡A¥t¤@¤è­±¤]»¡©ú¾Ô²¤¤@¥¹§Î¦¨©Ò¨ã¦³ªº¬Û¹ïí©w©Ê¡C

°w¹ï³oÃþ·s«¬¦w¥þ«Â¯Ù¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²±q½T«O§ñÃö¬ü°ê§Q¯q¦a°ÏªºÃ­©w¡A¹Kªý«I²¤¡A¨¾¤î¤j³W¼Ò·´·À©ÊªZ¾¹ÂX´²ªº¥Ø¼Ð¥Xµo¡A¶}©l¿n·¥±À¦æ¡§¹w¨¾©Ê¨¾°È¡¨¾Ô²¤¡C»P§N¾Ô®É´Á¬ü°ê¥D­n°w¹ïĬÁp¦]¦Ó¹ï¤â³æ¤@¡B¥Ø¼Ð©ú½Tªº¡§«ÂÄà¾Ô²¤¡¨¤£¦P¡A¡§¹w¨¾©Ê¨¾°È¡¨¾Ô²¤«h¬O­±¹ï§N¾Ô«á«Â¯Ù§ó¨ã¦h¼Ë¤Æ©M¤£½T©w©Ê³o¤@¥þ·s¦w¥þÀô¹Ò¤Uªº²£ª«¡C¨ä°ò¥»¤è°w¬O¡G¹w¨¾«Â¯Ùªº¥X²{¡F¹ï¤w¥X²{ªº«Â¯Ù¥[±j«ÂÄà¡F¦pªG¨âªÌ¥¢±Ñ¡A§Y¹B¥Î­x¨Æ¤O¶q¥[¥H®ø°£¡CWilliam F. Perry, "Annual Report to the President and the Congress," Department of Defense, Washington D.C., March 1996; "Defense in an Age of Hope," Foreign Affairs, Vol.75, No.6, November/December 1996, pp.64-79.³o¤@¤è°w¸¨¹ê¨ìµ¦²¤¼h¦¸¡A´N§Î¦¨¤F¡§¹w¨¾©Ê¨¾°È¡¨¾Ô²¤ªº¡§¤T¬q½×¡¨¦¡¦M¾÷¹w¨¾¾÷¨î¡C¤@¬°©M¥­®É´Áªº¥æ©¹¡A¥]¬A­x¨Æ¥æ¬y¡B°ê®a´©§U¡B¦w¥þ´©§U¡B¤H¹D±Ï´©¦æ°Ê¡B¤Ï¬r«~¨«¨p»P¤Ï®£©Æ¥D¸q¡Bºû©M¦æ°Êµ¥¡A¥H¦¹¬J¦V·ù°ê¤S¦V¼ç¦bªº¹ï¤âÅã¥Ü¬ü°ê¼i¦æ©Ó¿Õ¡B´£®¶·ù°êÁ`Åé­x¨Æ¹ê¤O¡B«P¶i¥Á¥D¡B±À°Ê¨aÃø±Ï§U¤Î¥[±j°Ï°ìí©wªº¨M¤ß¡C¤G¬O«ÂÄà»P½Ä¬ðªº¹w¨¾¡A¨ãÅé±¹¬I¥]¬A®Ö«ÂÄà¡B°Ï°ìÁp·ù¡B¦M¾÷¤ÏÀ³¡B­x³ÆºÞ¨î(­º­«®Ö¡B¥Í¤ÆªZ¾¹¤Î¨ä§Þ³NÂX´²ªº¨¾¨î)¡B«Ø¥ß«H¤ß±¹¬I(Confidence-Building Measures)¡B«D¾Ô°«¤H­ûºMÂ÷¦æ°Ê¡B°õ¦æ¨îµô¤Î¦hÃäºû©M¦æ°Êµ¥¡A´Á±æ¥H¦¹«Ø¥ß°_§¹¾ãªº¦M¾÷¹w¨¾¾÷¨î¡C³o¤]¬O¡§¹w¨¾©Ê¨¾°È¡¨ªº®Ö¤ß©Ò¦b¡C¤T¬O¤@¥¹¶D½Ñ¾Ôª§¡A«h±N¥þ¤O¥H­u¡Aª½¦Ü¨ú³Ó¡C¬°¦¹¡A°£­n¦b§L¤O«Ø¨î¤W¥R¤À¸¨¹ê1993¦~¥Ñ®É¥ô°ê¨¾³¡ªøªü´µ¥­©M°Ñ¿ÑªøÁp®u·|ij¥D®uÀj«Âº¸¦@¦P¥D«ù³W¹ºªº¡m¥þ­±µû¦ô³ø§i¡n(Bottom-Up Review)¤¤º¡¨¬´X¥G¦P®ÉÀ³¥I¡§¨â³õ¥D­n¦a°Ï½Ä¬ð¡¨(the two-MRC)©Ò»Ý¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¥²¶·³e¹ý¥´À»¥Ø¼Ð©ú½T¡B½T«O¤O¶q§ë°e¡B¥[±j·ù°ê¨ó§@¡B¦U§LºØÁp¦X§@¾Ô¡B´x´¤¸ê°TÀu¶Õµ¥¤K¶µ­ì«h¡A¯u¥¿¹F¨ì¡§¾Ô¥²³Ó¡A§ð¥²§J¡¨ªº­n¨D¡CJohn M. Shalikashvili, "National Military Strategy of the United States of America: A Strategy of Flexible and Selective Engagement," The White House, 1996, pp.8-16; Les Aspin, "Report on the Bottum-Up Review," Washington D.C., Department of Defense, October 1993.

¦¹®M¦M¾÷¹w¨¾¾÷¨î¦b¹ê½î¤¤«h¤O¨D§Î¦¨¤@ºØ¥H¬ü°ê¬°¥D¾É¡BÂùÃä­x¨Æ¦P·ù¬°®Ö¤ß¡A¦hÃä¦X§@¬°¸É¥Rªº¥þ²y¦w¥þÅé¨t¡C¦b³o¤@Åé¨t¤¤¡A¦³¥|¶µ­n¯À³Ì¬°ÃöÁä¡C¨ä¤@¡A¤]¬O³Ì­«­nªº¤@¶µ¡A¬O½T«O¬ü°ê¦b®ü¥~ªº«eªu­x¨Æ³¡¸p(¼Ú¡B¨È¦U³¡¸p¤Q¸U¬ü­x¡A¤¤ªF«h¾÷°Ê³¡¸p)©M¥i¾aªº¤O¶q§ë°e(power projection)¯à¤O¡C¨ä¤G¡A§Î¦¨¤@ºØ¡§¬ü°ê¥D¾É±j°ê¦X§@¡¨ªº®æ§½¡C©Ò¿×¡§±j°ê¦X§@¡¨¡A¥D­n¬O«ü¬ü°ê¤À§O¦P¼Ú¡B¤é¡B¤¤¡B«Xµ¥½Ñ±jªºÂùÃä¦X§@¡A¥H§Q¨ä¡§¤À¦Óªv¤§¡¨¡C¨ä¤¤¡A»P¬ü°ê¾Ö¦³¡§¦@¦P»ù­ÈÆ[ªº¼Ú¡B¤é¬O­«ÂI¨Ì¿àªºª«¥ó¡A³q¹L¥[±j»P³o¨Ç·ù°êªºÂùÃä­x¨Æ¦P·ùÃö«Y¡A¦p±À°Ê¥_¬ùªFÂX¡A±j¤Æ¬ü¤é¦w«OÅé¨t¡A¬°¸¨¹ê¨ä¥H¡§¤j¦è¬v¦@¦PÅ顨©M¡§¤Ó¥­¬v¦@¦PÅ顨¬°¬[ºcªº¡§¨â¬v¾Ô²¤¡¨ºc·Q´£¨Ñ¥i¾a«OÃÒ¡F¹ï©ó¤¤¡B«X¡A«h¬J­n¥[¥H¡§¨¾½d¡¨¡A¤S­nµ¹¤©¡§¦w¼¾¡¨¡A¥H´î¤Ö¨ä¾Ô²¤¹ê¬Iªº¡§ªý¤O¡¨¡C¨ä¤T¡A¦³±ø¥óªº¿n·¥°Ñ»P¦UºØ¡§©M¥­¦æ°Ê¡¨(peace operation)¡A¦pÁp¦X°ê¡B¦h°êÁp·ù¤Î°Ï°ì²Õ´ªº©M¥­ºû«ù¡B©M¥­«Ø¥ßµ¥¦æ°Ê¡A¦Ü©ó¬O§_°Ñ»P¤Î°Ñ»Pªºµ{«×¦p¦ó¡A«h­n¨ú¨M©ó§Q¯q§PÂ_¡B¦³®Ä©Ê¡B¶O¥Î¡B°ê¤º¤ä´©«×µ¥±ø¥ó¡C¨ä¥|¡A±À°Ê¨Ã¥D¾É¦U¶µ¦w¥þ³W«hªº¹ê¬I»P¨î©w¡A¥]¬A«d´î¾Ô²¤ªZ¾¹±ø¬ù¡B®Ö¤£ÂX´²±ø¬ù¡B¸T¤î®Ö¤l¸ÕÅç±ø¬ù¡B¤Æ¾ÇªZ¾¹¤½¬ù¡B¥Íª«ªZ¾¹¤½¬ù¡B¶}©ñ¤ÑªÅ±ø¬ù¡B«OÅ@Àô¹Ò¤½¬ù¡B®ü¤W·N¥~¨Æ¬G¤½¬ù¡B¤Ï®£©Æ¥D¸q¬¡°Ê±ø¬ù¤Î¤Ï¬r¨î«×¡Aµ¥µ¥¡A±q¦Ó¬°¬ü°ê¦bºûÅ@¹ï¬ü¦³§Qªº°ê»Ú¦w¥þ¯´§Ç¤¤§êºt¡§¥òµôªÌ¡¨©M¹ê¬IªÌªºÂù­«¨¤¦â³Ð³y³Ì¦³§Qªº±ø¥ó¡C°Ñ¨£¡§A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement" 1994-1996¦~¾ä¦~Á`²Î³ø§i¤¤¦³Ãö¦w¥þ³¡¤À¡FShalikashvili, "National Military Strategy of the United States of America: A Strategy of Flexible and Selective Engagement," The White House, 1996, pp.6-7; U.S. Army, Field Manual 100-5, Operations. Dept. of the Army, June 1993, Chapter 3, p.3-1; Perry, "Annual Report to the President and the Congress," March 1996, pp.47-50; Antonia Handler Chayes and George T. Raach, ed., Peace Operations:Developing an American Strategy (Washington D.C.: National Defense University Press, 1995); John Gerard Ruggie, "Peacekeeping and U.S. Interests," The Washington Quarterly, Autumn 1994.

²Ä¤G¡A¦b»ù­ÈÆ[»â°ì¡A§V¤O¦V¥þ²y¡§ÂX®i¡¨¥H¬ü°ê¬°¥Nªíªº¦è¤è¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[¡C

­P¤O¹ï¥~±À¼s¬ü°ê¦¡ªº¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[¬O¬ü°ê¾ú©¡¬F©²ªº¤@³e¥Ø¼Ð¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²¦Û¤£¨Ò¥~¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥Ñ©ó§N¾Ôµ²§ô¾É­P¥@¬É¬Fªvª©¹Ï¥X²{¤F®Ú¥»©ÊÅܤơA§JªL¹y¬F©²¦b±À¦æ¦¹¤@¥Ø¼Ð®É©úÅã±a¦³¦Û¨­ªº¤@¨Ç¯S¦â¡A¨ä¤¤¦³¨âÂI³Ì¬°¬ð¥X¡C

¤@¬O­«ºc²z½×«e´£¡A¥H¡§¥Á¥D¡×¦w¥þ¡¨²z½×¬°¿é¥X¬ü°ê¦¡ªº¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[´M§ä·sªº¡§¦Xªk¡¨¨Ì¾Ú¡C§N¾Ô´Á¶¡¡AµL½×¬O®Â½Ã¦è¤è¥Á¥D°}Àç¡AÁÙ¬O¥H¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D¦V¡§¤¤¶¡¦a±a¡¨º¯³z¡A¤@¤Á¬Ò¥H¾Ô³Ó³Ì¤jªº·NÃѧκA¹ï¤âĬÁp¬°¨ÌÂk¡CĬÁp¡§®ø¥¢¡¨¤§«á¡A¦ÛµM»Ý­n·sªº²z½×®Ú¾Ú¡A¥H¨Ï¨ä¦æ¬°¡§¦W¥¿¦Ó¨¥¶¶¡¨¡C¬°¦¹¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²§l¦¬«e­zºÖ¤sªº³¡¤ÀÆ[ÂI¡A±N±À¦æ¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D»P¦w¥þ°ÝÃD±¾³¨¡A¤j¤O«Å¶Ç¡§¥Á¥D§Y¦w¥þ¡¨²z½×¡A¤£¹½¨ä·Ð¦a±j½Õ¡§¥Á¥D°ê®a¬Û¤¬¶¡¤£©öµo¥Í¾Ôª§¡A¤£·|¤ä´©®£©Æ¥D¸q¡A¦b¥~¥æ¤W­È±o«H¿à¡A¦b´L­«¤HÅv¤è­±¥ç¦³¸û¨Îªí²{¡¨¡AÁÙ¡§¯à¬°¥»°ê¤H¥Á´£¨Ñ«Ø³]¥¼¨Óªº¬Fªv©M¸gÀÙ¾÷·|¡¨¡C¹ï¬ü°ê¦Ó¨¥¡A¡§¥Á¥D°ê®a¤£¤j¥i¯à«Â¯Ù§Ú­Ìªº§Q¯q¡A§ó¥i¯à»P¬ü°ê¦X§@¥h¹ï¥I¦w¥þ¤Wªº«Â¯Ù¡A¨Ã«P¶i¥i«ùÄò©Êµo®i¡¨. Anthony Lake, "From Containment to Enlargement," Vital Speeches of the Day, Vol.LX, No.1, October 15, 1993, p.15. Clinton, "Building a Secure Future On the Foundation of Democracy," Address to the UN General Assembly,September 26, 1994, U.S. Department of States Dispatch, Sept. 26, 1994, p.634; "A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement," 1994, p.ii.¬ü°ê­t³d¬Fªv¨Æ°Èªº°Æ°ê°È­ë´µ¯Sù¨©¶ðº¸³Õ¯S(Strobe Talbott)¬Æ¦Ü«ü¥X¡G¡§¦b¤@­Ó¤é¯q¬Û¤¬¨Ì¿àªº¥@¬ÉùØ¡A¨ä¥L°ê®a¦p¦óºÞ²z©ÎªÌ»¡ºÞ²z¤£·í¡A»P¬ü°ê¤Hªº¤Á¨­§Q®`Ãö«Y¶V¨Ó¶V¤j¡C¿ï¾Ü¥Á¥DºÞ²z§Î¦¡ªº¥Á±Ú°ê®a¦@¦PÅé¶V¤j¡AÁpô¶V±K¤Á¡A¬ü°ê¤H´N·|¶V¦w¥þ¡A¶VÁcºa¡¨¡C¦b¥L¬Ý¨Ó¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²±N¤ä´©¥Á¥D¨Æ·~§@¬°¦b©Ô¬ü¡B¨È¬w¡B«D¬w¡B¤¤¼Ú¤Î«eĬÁp¦a°Ïªº¥~¥æ­«ÂI¡A¨Ã¦b¹wºâ«d´î¤§»Ú¤´°õ¦æ±À°Ê³o¨Ç¦a°Ï¿ïÁ|©Mªkªvªº¹ï¥~´©§U­p¹º¡A´N¬O¡§¥H¤µ¤é¬Û¹ï¸û¤Öªº¶O¥Î¬°¬ü°êªºªø»·§Q¯q§@¥Xªº§ë¸ê¡¨¡C¦Ó¬ü°ê¥X§L®ü¦a¤Îªi´µ¥§¨È±Ä¨ú­x¨Æ¦æ°Êµ¥¡A§Y¬O¬°¦b³o¨Ç°ê®a«Ø¥ß¥Á¥D±Ä¨úªº¿n·¥¦æ°Ê¡CStrobe Talbott, "Democracy and the National Interest," Foreign Affairs, Vol.75, No.6, November/December 1996, pp.47-49.

¥t¤@¯S¦â¬O¨Ì¾Ú¤W­z²z½×´£¥X¤F¤@®M§N¾Ô«á¦V¥þ²y¡§ÂX®i¡¨¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[ªº§¹¾ãºc·Q¡C1993¦~9¤ë21¤é¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²°ê®a¦w¥þ¨Æ°È§U²z¦wªF¥§µÜ§J¦b¬ü°ê¬ù¿«ÀN´¶ª÷´µ¤j¾Ç°ª¯Å°ê»Ú°ÝÃD¾Ç°|µoªíÃD¬°¡§±q¹K¨î¨ìÂX®i¡¨ªººtÁ¿¡A­º¦¸¥¿¦¡±À¥X¤F¨ã¦³§JªL¹y®É¥N¯S¦âªº¥Á¥D¡§ÂX®i¾Ô²¤¡¨. 1993¦~8¤ë¡A¬ü°êÁ`²Î°ê®a¦w¥þ¨Æ°È§U²z¦wªF¥§?µÜ§JÀ³§JªL¹yÁ`²Î­n¨D¡A±Mªù²Õ´¤F¤@­Ó¥]¬A¡§°ê®a¦w¥þ©e­û·|¡¨¥t¥~¤T¦W¦¨­û³ÇùئÌù´µ¯Ç(Jeremy Rosner)¡B§Q©ù´Iº¸´µ(Leon Fuerth)¡B­ð¯Ç¼w´µ©Z§B®æ(Donald Steinberg)ªº¬ã¨s¤p²Õ¡A­t³d¿ï¾Ü¤@­ÓÃþ¦ü¡§¹K¨î¡¨ªºµü¨Óªí­z§JªL¹y¬F©²ªº¡§¤j¾Ô²¤¡¨¡A³o­Óµü¬J­n¯à·§¬A§JªL¹yÄv¿ï®É«Å¶Çªº¤T¤j¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦Àu¥ý­«ÂI¡A¤S¥i±N·s«Âº¸»¹¦¡²z·Q¥D¸q¦P¨ã®Ö¤ß¦a¦ìªº·s¼¯®Ú¯Á¦¡²{¹ê¥D¸qµ²¦X°_¨Ó¡C³Ì«á¡AµÜ§J¦b¡§¥þ²y¤å©ú¡¨(Global Civilization)¡B¡§¥Á¥D°Ñ»P¡¨(democratic engagement)¡B¡§¥Á¥DÂX±i¥D¸q¡¨(democratic expansionism)¡B¡§ÂX®i¡¨(enlargement)¤¤¿ï¾Ü¤Fù´µ¯Çªº¡§ÂX®i¡¨¤@µü¡A¸g§JªL¹y»{¥i«á¡A¹E©ó1993¦~9¤ë21¤é¦b¬ü°ê¬ù¿«ÀN´¶ª÷´µ¤j¾Ç°ª¯Å°ê»Ú°ÝÃD¾Ç°|¥¿¦¡¹ï¥~©ß¥X¤F¥Ñù´µ¯Ç°_¯óªº¡§ÂX®i¾Ô²¤¡¨. see Douglas Brinkley, "Democratic Enlargement: The Clinton Doctrine," Foreign Policy, Spring 1997, pp.114-116.«öµÜ§Jªº»¡ªk¡A¬ü°ê¡§³q¹L§N¾Ô¹K¨î¦í¤F¤@ºØ¹ï¥«³õ¥Á¥D¨î°ê®aªº¥þ²y©Ê«Â¯Ù¡¨¡A§N¾Ô«á«h¡§¥²¶·¥H¤@ºØÂX®i¾Ô²¤¨ú¥N¹K¨î¾Ô²¤¡A¨Ï¥«³õ¥Á¥D°ê®a²Õ¦¨ªº¦Û¥Ñ¦@¦PÅé¦b¥@¬É±o¨ìÂX®i¡¨. Anthony Lake, "From Containment to Enlargement," p.15.¡§ÂX®i¾Ô²¤¡¨ªº¤º®e¥D­n¥Ñ¥|¤j³¡¤Àºc¦¨¡C¨ä¤@¡A¾d©T¥Á¥D®Ö¤ß¡C¨ä¬Fµ¦¤è¦V¬O¥[±j¥]¬A¬ü°ê¡B¦è¼Ú¡B¥[®³¤j¤Î¤é¥»µ¥¥D­n¥«³õ¥Á¥D¨î°ê®a¦@¦PÅ骺¤O¶q¡A¨ó½Õ¸Ñ¨M·ù°ê¦U¦Û­±Á{ªº°ê¤º¸gÀÙÃøÃD¡A¥þ¤OºûÅ@¨Ã¥R¹ê²{¦³ªº°ê»Ú¬Fªv¡B¦w¥þ¡B¸gÀÙ¯´§Ç¡A±q¦Ó¬°ÂX®i¾Ô²¤¶¶§Q¹ê¬I´£¨ÑÃöÁä«OÃÒ¡C¨ä¤G¡A­P¤OÂX¤j¥Á¥D°é¡A¨Ï¡§¥@¬É©Ò¦³¤j°ê¦¨¬°¥Á¥D°ê®a¡A¦Ó¨ä¥L³\¦h°ê®a¥[¤J¥«³õ¥Á¥D°ê®a¤j®a®x¡¨¡C¬°¦¹©Ò¿í´`ªº­ì«h¬O¡A "¦b¯à°÷¬I¥[¼vÅT¨Ã¦s¦b¾÷·|ªº¦a¤è¡A¤×¨ä¦b¹ï¬ü°ê¾Ô²¤§Q¯q¨ã¦³­«¤j¼vÅTªº°ê®a¡A¦p¸gÀÙ¤j°ê¡B¦a²z¦ì¸m­«­nªº°ê®a¡B¾Ö¦³®ÖªZ¾¹°ê®a¤Î¥i¯à³y¦¨Ãø¥Á¥~¬yªº°ê®a¡A¥²¶·À°§U·s¿³¥Á¥D¨î»P¥«³õ¸gÀÙªºÂX±i»P¥Í¦s¡¨¡C¨ä¤T¡A©t¥ß©M¥´À»¦³¥i¯à¹ï¥«³õ¥Á¥D°ê®a³y¦¨«Â¯Ùªº¡§°f¼é¬y¦Ó°Êªº°ê®a¡¨(backlash states)¡C³oÃþ°ê®a¤@¯ë¬O«ü¹ê¦æ¶°Åv¨î¡B¤ä´©®£©Æ¥D¸q¦æ°Ê¡BÂX´²¤j³W¼Ò·´·À©ÊªZ¾¹¤Î¼u¹D¾É¼u§Þ³N¡BÀ£¨î¥»°ê¤H¥Á¡B¬D°_ºØ±Ú¹ï¥ß¡B«Â¯Ù¾F°ê¦w¥þªº°ê®a¡C¨ä¥|¡A¥R¤Àµo´§¡§¤H¹D¥D¸q¡¨¦æ¬°ªº¼vÅT¤O¡C¨ãÅé¦Ó¨¥¡A³q¹L¼s¸q¤Wªº¸gÀÙ´©§U¡A±Ï¨a¡B±Ð¨|¡BÀç¾i¤Î°·±d¤@Ãþªº¨ãÅé´©§U¡A¥H¤Î¥X©ó¡§¤H¹D¥D¸q¡¨¥Ø¼Ðªº­x¨Æ´©§U©M­x¨Æ¡§¤¶¤J¡¨¡A¬J¥i±o¨ì°ê¤ºªº´¶¹M¤ä´©¡A¥ç¥i¾ð¥ß¬ü°ê¦b¥@¬Éªº§Î¶H¨Ã´£°ª¨ä¡§¦V¤ß¤O¡¨¡A±q¦Óª½±µ©Î¶¡±µ¡§¨ë¿E¡¨§ó¦h¬Û¹ï¸¨«áªº°ê®a¨«¥Á¥D»P¥«³õªºµo®i¹D¸ô¡CAnthony Lake, "From Containment to Enlargement," pp.16-18. "A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement," 1994, p.31-35; 1996, pp.32-34.

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¬°¨Ï¦³­­ªº¤O¶q¸ê·½µo´§§ó¤j¥\®Ä¡A¨Ã«P¶i¦w¥þ¡B¸gÀ٤ΥÁ¥D»ù­ÈÆ[³o¤T¤j»â°ì¬Û¤¬¤§¶¡ªº¨}©Ê¤¬°Ê¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²¦³Ãö¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤ªº¿Ñ¹º¥ç¯S§O­«µø¨Ì§Q¯q»´­«¡B®É¾÷¡Bª«¥ó°ê¤§¤£¦P¦b¤â¬q¹B¥Î©M¥Ø¼Ð³]©w¤W±Ä¨ú¡§ÆF¬¡¤ÏÀ³¡¨ªºµ¦²¤¡C¡§ÆF¬¡¤ÏÀ³¡¨¦b³oùØ¥D­n¬O«ü¦b§l¦¬¡§¦³¿ï¾Ü©Ê±µÄ²¡¨©M¡§¦X§@¦w¥þ¡¨¥D±iªº°ò¦¤W¡A¬°¸¨¹ê¡§Àu¶Õ¥D¾É¡¨¦Ó¦b¤â¬q¹B¥Î¤WªºÆF¬¡©Ê©M»´­«½w«æ¿ï¾Ü¤Wªº¨ó½Õ©Ê¡C

¦³Ãö°Ê¥Î­x¨Æ¤â¬qªº®É¾÷©M¤è¦¡§Y¬O¨ä¤¤³Ì¬ð¥Xªº¤@¨Ò¡C­x¨Æ¤â¬q¤@ª½¬O¬ü°ê¹ê²{¨ä¹ï¥~¾Ô²¤·N¹Ïªº¥D­n¤u¨ã¤§¤@¡C¦ý»P§N¾Ô´Á¶¡¤£¦Pªº¬O¡A§N¾Ô«á¦w¥þ«Â¯Ù§ó¥[¤À´²¡A§ó¨ã¦h¼Ë©Ê¡A¥[¤§­x¨Æ¶}¤ä¤j´T«d´î¡A¨Ï±o¹ï¥~­x¨Æ¤z¯A®É¾÷»P¤è¦¡ªº§â´¤·U¥[­«­n¡Cų¦¹¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²§l¨ú¡§¯Á°¨§Q¨È¨Æ¥ó¡¨ªº±Ð°V¡A­«·sÀË°Q¡§ªÖ©w©Ê¦hÃä¥D¸q¡¨¤§«á¡A©ó1994¦~5¤ëµo§G¹ï®ü¥~¥X§Lªí²{¥X·V­«©MÂÔ·V¶É¦Vªº¡§²Ä25¸¹Á`²Î¨Mij¥O¡¨(Presidential Decision Directive 25), see The White House, "The Clinton Administration's Policy on Reforming Multilateral Peace Operations," May 1994, pp.4-5.¨Ã­º¦¸¦b¬ü°ê°ê®a¦w¥þ¾Ô²¤³ø§i¤¤¨Ì°ê®a§Q¯q­«­nµ{«×ªº¤£¦P¨î­q¤F¸û¬°ÆF¬¡ªº®ü¥~¥X§L·Ç«h¡G·í¯A¤Î°ê®aÃöÁä§Q¯q(vital national interests)¡A§Y§ñÃö¬ü°ê¥Í¦s¡B¦w¥þ¤Î«O«ù«ù¤[¬¡¤OªºÀ£­Ë¤@¤Áªº­«­n©Ê§Q¯q®É¡A±N¦b¥²­n®É±Ä¨ú¨M©w©Êªº¡B³æ¤è­±ªº¥X§L¦æ°Ê¥[¥H«O½Ã¡F·í¯A¤Î­«­n°ê®a§Q¯q(important national interests)¡A§Y¤£·|¼vÅT¬ü°ê¥Í¦s¦ý¹ï¬ü°êºÖ¬ç©M¥@¬É¯S©Ê¨ã¦³­«¤j¼vÅTªº§Q¯q®É¡A±Nºî¦X¦Ò¼{­·ÀI¡B¦¨¥»¡B¥Ø¼Ð³]©w¤Î¨ä¹ê²{ªº¥i¯à©Ê¡B°ê¤º¥Á²³¤ä´©«×¡B¯à§_¤Î®ÉºM¥Xµ¥¦]¯À¡A¦³¿ï¾Üªº©M¦³­­«×ªº­x¨Æ¤¶¤J¡A­Yª½±µ¯A¤Î·ù°ê§Q¯q®É¡A«h¥²¶·Àò±o·ù°êªº¾A·í©Ó¿Õ¡A¦@¦P¤À¾á³d¥ô¡A±Ä¨úÂùÃä©Î¦hÃä¦æ°Ê¡F·í¯A¤Î°ò¥»ªº¤H¹D§Q¯q(humanitarian interests)®É¡A±N¦b¯S©w±ø¥ó¨ÃÀò±o°ê·|©M¤½²³¤ä´©ªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¥X§L¨ó§U¨aÃø±Ï§U¡BÃø¥Á¦w¥þ«OÅ@µ¥¦æ°Ê¡A¤@«S§½¶Õí©w¡A§Y¦æºM¥X¡A¥æ¥Ñ°ê»Ú±ÏÀÙ¾÷ºc­t³d¡C "A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement," 1994, p.16; 1996, p.18. ¦b¬ü°ê°ê¤º¡A³ò¶¦ó¬°¬ü°êªº°ê®a§Q¯q¡A¦p¦ó¨ãÅ鹺¤À¨ä»´­«½w«æ¦¸§Ç³o¤@°ÝÃDªº°Q½×¥i»¡«ùÄò¤£Â_¡A¨ä¤¤¡§°ê®a§Q¯q©e­û·|¡¨ªºÆ[ÂI³Ì¬°¨t²Î¡A¤]³Ì¦³¼vÅT¡C¸Ó©e­û·|¥Ñ«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç¥Ì¤D­}¬F©²¾Ç°|¬ì¾Ç»P°ê»Ú¨Æ°È¤¤¤ß¡B¥§§JªQ¤¤¤ß¤ÎÄõ¼w¤½¥qµo°_¦¨¥ß¡A¦¨­û¥]¬A«e¬F©²°ª¯Å©x­û¡B²{¥ô°Ñij­û¤ÎµÛ¦W°ê»Ú°ÝÃD±M®a¡C¦b¨ä³Ì«á³ø§i¤¤¡A¬ü°êªº°ê®a§Q¯q³Q¹º¤À¬°ÃöÁä§Q¯q¡B·¥­«­nªº§Q¯q¡B­«­n§Q¯q¡B¦¸­«­n§Q¯q¥|­Ó¼h¦¸¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¬ü°êªºÃöÁä°ê®a§Q¯q´N¥]¬A¤­­Ó¤è­±¡G(1)¨¾¤î¡B«ÂÄà¡B©M´î¤Ö¹ï¬ü°ê¶i¦æ®Ö¡B¥Í¤ÆªZ¾¹§ðÀ»ªº«Â¯Ù¡F(2)¨¾¤î¦b¼Ú¬w©Î¨È¬w¥X²{¼Ä¹ïªºÅQÅv°ê®a¡F(3)¨¾¤î¦b¬ü°êÃä¬É©Î®ü¤W±±¨î½d³ò¦³¼Ä¹ïªº¥D­n¤j°ê¥X²{¡F(4)¨¾¤î¥]¬A¶T©ö¡Bª÷¿Ä¥«³õ¡B¯à·½¨ÑÀ³¤ÎÀô¹Òµ¥¥D­n¥þ²yÅé¨t¥X²{¨aÃø©Ê±Y¼ì¡F(5)½T«O¬ü°ê·ù°êªº¥Í¦s¡C¨£The Commission on America's National Interests, America's National Interests, July 1996.

³oºØ¦bµ¦²¤¹B¥Î¤Wªº¡§ÆF¬¡¤ÏÀ³¡¨¶É¦V¦P¼ËÅé²{¦b¡§ÂX®i¡¨¥Á¥D»ù­ÈÆ[»â°ì¡C¤@¬O¥D±i­n¦³¡§­@©Ê¡¨¡A»{¬°¥Á¥D¶i¨Bªº®ö¼é±`±`­n¦ñÀH¦³¥Á¥D­Ë°hªº²{¶Hµo¥Í¡A¥²¶·¬°¥Á¥Dªº¤£¥­¿Åµo®i¬Æ¦Ü¥X²{¬YºØ­Ë°h°µ¦n·Ç³Æ¡C¤G¬O°í«ù¥²¶·¡§°È¹ê¡¨¡AÁnºÙ¬ü°ê¦³®É¬°¤F¨ä¥L¤è­±ªº§Q¯q»Ý­n¦P¬Y¨Ç«D¥Á¥D°ê®a«O«ù¤Í¦n¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬°¨ä´£¨Ñ«OÅ@¡C¤T¬O±j½Õ­n±q¡§¼s¸q¡¨¤W¬Ý«Ý¥Á¥D¡A¿ïÁ|©TµM­«­n¡A¦ý¿W¥ßªº¥qªk»P¹ï¤HÅvªº«OÅ@¦P¼ËÄÝ©ó¥Á¥Dªº½dÃ¥¡C¥|¬Oªí¥Ü­n¡§´L­«¦h¼Ë©Ê¡¨¡A©Ó»{¦Û¥Ñ¦³³\¦hºØªí²{§Î¦¡¡CAnthony Lake, "From Containment to Enlargement," pp.15-16.

¦¹¥~¡A¦b³B²z¦w¥þ¡B¸gÀ٤ΥÁ¥D»ù­ÈÆ[³o¤T¤j¾Ô²¤­n¯ÀªºÃö«Y¤è­±¡A§JªL¹y¬F©²±j½Õ¨ä¡§¬Û¤¬¤ä´©¡¨ªº¦P®É¡A¦b¹ê½î¤¤¤]ªí²{¥X¤F¤@©wµ{«×ªºÆF¬¡©Ê¡C·í¦Û¨­ªº¸gÀÙ§Þ³NÀu¶Õ¦a¦ì¨ü¨ì«Â¯Ù®É¡A§ó¶É¦V©ó¹ï¥~¥]¬A¹ï¨ä·ù°ê±Ä¨ú±jµw«ººA¡F¦Ó·í¸gÀ٧ζզnÂàÀu¶Õ¦a¦ì©úÅ㤧®É¡A¦w¥þ°ÝÃDªº­«­n©ÊÀH¤§¤W¤É¡C¬ü°ê¦P¤é¥»¡B¦P¼Ú¬w¥Ñ§JªL¹y¤W»Oªì´ÁÀWÀWµo¥Í¸gÀÙ¼¯À¿(¤£¤Ö¤H¬Æ¦Ü±N¤§ºÙ¬°¡§¸gÀÙ¾Ô¡¨)¡A¨ì±j¤Æ¬ü¤é­x¨Æ¦P·ù¡B¥_¬ùªFÂXªº¹Lµ{¡A¥Ñ¦¹¤]¥i±o¨ì³¡¤À¸ÑÄÀ¡C·í±q°ê¤º¬Fªv¥Xµo¡A§ó¥[±j½Õ·NÃѧκA¦]¯À®É¡A«Xù´µ§@¬°¾d©T§N¾Ô¡§¦¨ªG¡¨ªºÃöÁä¤@Àô¡A«K¦¨¬°­«ÂI´©§Uªºª«¥ó¡AÄ~Äò°í«ù¨«ªÀ·|¥D¸q¹D¸ôªº¤¤°ê«K¦¨¬°­«ÂI¨îµôªºª«¥ó¡F¦Ó·í±À¦æ¥Á¥D¡B¤HÅvµ¥²z·Q¥D¸q¥i¯à¼vÅT¨ä¸gÀÙ¡B¦w¥þµ¥²{¹ê§Q¯q®É¡A§Y¶}©l¹ï¤¤«X©^¦æ¸û¬°¿n·¥ªº¡§Âù­«±µÄ²¡¨(dual engagement)¬Fµ¦¡CJames B. Steinberg, "Dual Engagement: U.S. Policy Toward Russia and China," Address to the Trilateral Commission 1995 Annual Meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 24, 1995. U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Vol.6, No.19, May 8, 1995.¬ü«XÃö«Y±q¡§®öº©¡¨¨«¦V°È¹ê¡B¤¤¬üÃö«Y¥Ñ¡§§N¡¨Âࡧ¼ö¡¨¡A¬Æ¦Üµo®i¨ì­P¤O©ó«Ø³]­±¦V21¥@¬öªº¡§¾Ô²¤¹Ù¦ñÃö«Y¡¨¡A¤]¥i±q¤¤´M¨ì¨äÅܤƪº­y¸ñ¡C¯S§O»Ý­n«ü¥Xªº¬O¡A¡§Àu¶Õ¥D¾É¡¨»P¡§ÆF¬¡¤ÏÀ³¡¨§@¬°·s®É´Á¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤ªº¦³¾÷ºc¦¨³¡¤À¡A«eªÌ©úÅã¨ãµ´¹ï©Ê¡A¦b¬ü°ê°ê¤º¦@ÃÑ»·¤j©ó¤Àª[¡F«áªÌ§ó¨ã¬Û¹ï©Ê¡A¤Àª[©¹©¹»·¤j©ó¦@ÃÑ¡C¤H­Ì¹ï§JªL¹y¬F©²ªº§åµû¨Ã«D«ü¦V¨ä°í«ùªº¾Ô²¤¥Ø¼Ð¤W¡A§ó¦h¬O¥X©ó¬Fª§ªº»Ý­n¡B¥ß³õ¡B°¼­«ÂIªº¤£¦P¦Ó¹ï©ó¹ê²{³o¨Ç¥Ø¼Ðªº¤â¬qªº§åµû¡C³o¤]¬O§Ú­Ì¦b¦Ò¹î§N¾Ô«á¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤®ÉÀ³¦³ªº©ú½T»{ÃÑ¡C¥H¤W¥D­n°¼­«¹ï¬ü°ê¥þ²y¾Ô²¤ªº²z©Ê¤ÀªR¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¦UºØÃø¥H¹w®Æªº«D²z©Ê¦]¯À¦b¬ü°ê¹ê¬I¨ä¥þ²y¾Ô²¤ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¦P¼Ë¨ã¦³¤£¥i©¿µøªº¼vÅT¡C©Ò¿×¡§ÆF¬¡¤ÏÀ³¡¨§Y¦b¤@©wµ{«×¤W¦Ò¼{¨ì¤F³o¤@ÂI¡A¾¨ºÞ¨Ã¤£¯à¹ï¤§¥[¥H¥þ³¡¥]¬A¶i¥h¡C

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