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¹ï©ó§@¬°¤@­Ó²z½×«ä·Q»â°ìªº°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤ªº§â´¤¡B²z¸Ñ©M³Ð³y©ÊÁp·Q¡A°£¤F¦³¿à©ó¬ãŪ¸g¨åªº¤j¾Ô²¤²z½×©M¾ú¥vµÛ§@¡A¨Ã¥B¹ï¾ú¥v¤W©M²{¤µªº¨å«¬¤j¾Ô²¤¨ÆºA¶i¦æ¶W¶V´N¨Æ½×¨Æ¼h¦¸ªº¬ÛÃö±´¨s©M«ä¦Ò¥~¡A¤@±ø¥i¨úªº­«­n³~®|¦b©ó¹³«Où¡P¥Ì¤D­}©IÆ~ªº¨º¼Ë¡A±q¨ä¦U¤£¦P²Õ¦¨³¡¤À©Î¼h­±¨Ó¤ÀªR¡B²z¸Ñ°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤¡C¡iª`ÄÀ¡jPaul Kennedy, ed., Grand Strategy in War and Peace (Yale University Press, 1991), p. 1.¡iª`§À¡j

¦bªø¹F7¦~ÄYÂÔ¤ã¹êªº¬ã¨s¤§«á¡A¤¤°ê²{¥N°ê»ÚÃö«Y¬ã¨s©Ò±i±ÓÁ¾¬ã¨s­û°ò©ó¤j¶q¸ê®Æ¤åÄm¡A¼g¦¨¡m¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¡n¡A¥Ñ¥@¬Éª¾ÃÑ¥Xª©ªÀ¦b2001¦~¥Xª©¡C·§¬A°_¨Ó¡A³o³¡µÛ§@¨ã¦³¤T¤è­±°ò¥»¯S¼x¡G¡]1¡^¸û¬°¥þ­±©M¨t²Î¦a®i¥Ü¤F²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô«á¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¾Ô²¤¥vªº¸gÀ٤譱¡A¨Ã¥B¥Ñ¦¹¹ï¾Ô«á¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¬Fµ¦©M¾Ô²¤¥v¡B¤D¦Ü¾Ô«áÁ`ªº°ê»Ú¬Fªv¸gÀÙ¥vªº®i¥Ü©M²z¸Ñ°µ¥X¤F°^Äm¡F¡]2¡^´£¨Ñ¤F¾Ô²¤¥v¬ã¨s¤è­±¸ûµu¯Êªº¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¥v¹ê¨Ò¡A¦Ó¥B¬OÃö©ó·í¥N³Ì­«­n°ê®a¬ü°êªº¨t²Î¥v¨Ò¡F¡]3¡^±q¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤ªº¨¤«×¡A´£¥X¤F¦³§U©ó¾Ô²¤²z½×Â×´I¤Æªº¦³Ãö²z½×«ä·Q¨£¦a©M¨t²Î¡B¥i¾aªº¾ú¥v¯À§÷¡C

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°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤²z½×ªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦b©ó°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤·§©À¡C«ö·Ó°ò©ó±y¤[©MÂ×´Iªº¤HÃþ¬Fªv¸gÅ窺¸g¨å©w¸q¡A¡iª`ÄÀ¡jÃö©ó¤j¾Ô²¤ªº²z½×©M¤j¾Ô²¤·§©À¡A°Ñ¨£B.H. Liddell Hart, Strategy (New York, 1967), 2nd revised edition, Part IV; Paul Kennedy, ed., Grand Strategies in War and Peace (New Haven, 1991), chapter 1; Williamson Murray et al., eds., The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States, and War (Cambridge, 1994), Introduction and Conclusion; ®É®ï¥°¡BÃQªø¬K¡G¡m«Où¡P¥Ì¤D­}ªº¾Ô²¤«ä·Q¡n¡A¡m¬ü°ê¬ã¨s¡n2001¦~²Ä2´Á¡C¡iª`§À¡j°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤¬O°ê®a¬F©²ªº¤@ºØ¾Þ§@¤è¦¡©Î¾Þ§@³W¹º¡A§Y¦Ûı¦a¥»µÛ¥þ§½Æ[©À¡A¶}µo¡B°Ê­û¡B¨ó½Õ¡B¨Ï¥Î©M«ü¾É°ê®aªº©Ò¦³­x¨Æ¡B¬Fªv¡B¸gÀÙ¡B§Þ³N¡B¥~¥æ¡B«ä·Q¤å¤Æ©Mºë¯«µ¥Ãþ¸ê·½¡Aª§¨ú¹ê²{°ê®aªº®Ú¥»¥Ø¼Ð¡C¨ã¦³Àu¨}ªº¾Ô²¤¯À½èªº°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤°£¤F»Ý­n¨ä®Ú¥»¥Ø¼Ð¦X²z¡B©ú½T¡B¶°¤¤¡B¦³­­©M¤º¦b¥­¿Å¡A³s¦P°ê®a¦h¶µ­«­n¥Ø¼Ð¤¬¬Û¶¡¦³¦Ü¤Ö°ò¥»«ê·íªº»´­«½w«æ¦¸§Ç¥~¡AÁٻݭn¥Ø¼Ð»P¤â¬q¡]¥i¥Î¸ê·½¡^¤§¶¡¤j­P¥­¿Å¤Î¤£¦PÃþ¤â¬q¤¬¬Û¶¡¤j­P¥­¿Å¡A«e¤@­n¨D¥Î¨â¦ì¾Ô²¤«ä·Q®aªº¸Ü»¡¡A¨M©w¤F¤j¾Ô²¤¬O¡§°ò©ó¤â¬q©M¤j¥Ø¼Ð³o¨âªÌ¶¡¸g¹L²`«ä¼ô¼{Ãö«Yªº¥þ­±¦æ°Ê³W¹º¡¨¡A¡iª`ÄÀ¡jPaul Kennedy, John Lewis Gaddis, et al., Studies in Grand Strategy (Syllabus), International Security Studies, Yale University, Spring/Fall 2000.¡iª`§À¡j«á¤@­n¨D«h·N¨ýµÛ¥²¶·¨D±o¤£¦PÃþ¤â¬q¤§¶¡ªº«ê·í¤ñ¨Ò¡A©ÎªÌ»¡¬°¹ê²{¥¦­Ì¤§¶¡ªº¨ó½Õ¦Ó¹ï¥¦­Ì¦U¦Û¥´¤W¦X¾Aªº§é¦©¡C¥Ñ©ó³o¨Ç¹D²z¡A¤j¾Ô²¤ªººëÅè¤]³\¥i¥H¥Î¨â¥yµu»y¨Ó³Ì²¼ä¦aªí­z¡G¡]1¡^¤j¾Ô²¤ªº¥þ§½Æ[©À¡F¡]2¡^¬Fªv¥Ø¼Ðªº²Î«Ó¦a¦ì¡C¡iª`ÄÀ¡j®É®ï¥°¡G¡m½×¬ü°ê¤Ï®£©Æ¥D¸q¾Ôª§¡G¤@¶µ±q¤j¾Ô²¤µø¨¤¥Xµoªº¦^ÅU©Mµû»ù¡n¡A¡m°ê»Ú¸gÀÙµû½×¡n2001¦~²Ä6´Á¡C ¡iª`§À¡j§@¬°¤j¾Ô²¤²Õ¦¨³¡¤À¤§¤@ªº¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¬ü°ê¬ã¨s¡@¡@¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤§@¬°°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤ªº²Õ¦¨³¡¤À¤§¤@¡A»P¨ä¥Lºc¦¨³æ¤¸¦p¬Fªv¡B¥~¥æ¡B­x¨Æ¾Ô²¤¤@¼Ë¡A³£¬O¹ê²{°ê®a®Ú¥»¥Ø¼Ðªº¤â¬q¡F¤£¶È¦p¦¹¡A¥¦¥²¶·»P¨ä¥LÃþ¤â¬q¤§¶¡«O«ù¤j­Pªº¥­¿Å¡A³o´N¨M©w¤F¥²¶·µ¹¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¥´¤WºØºØ¦X¾Aªº§é¦©¡A¥H¨DÁ`Å骺¨ó½Õ¡C¤×¬°ÃöÁ䪺¬O¡A¦p¦ó¥»µÛ¤j¾Ô²¤ªº¥þ§½Æ[©À¡A½T«O¬Fªv¥Ø¼Ðªº²Î«Ó¦a¦ì¤£¦]¤@¤ß°l¨D¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¥Ø¼Ð¦Ó³Q©¿µø¡B»´µø©Î¨ü·l¡A¤]´N¬O¨¾¤î¥X²{ÁÚ§Jº¸¡P¦h¥ìº¸©ê«èªº¤@ºØ¥¢»~¡G¦]¬°¹L©ó¼ö°J¤j¾Ô²¤¸gÀپǡ]economics of grand strategy¡^¦Ó·l¤Î¹ï¤j¾Ô²¤¬Fªv¾Ç¡]politics of grand strategy¡^ªºÀ³¦³­«µø¡A©ÎªÌ±N¤j¾Ô²¤¬Fªv¾Ç·í§@¤H­Ì²`¤Á·Pª¾ªº¬ü°ê¸gÀÙ°I°h³o¤@¨Æ¹êªº¬£¥Íª«¡C¡iª`ÄÀ¡jMichael W. Doyle, ¡§Politics and Grand Strategy,¡¨ in Richard Rosecrance and Arthur A. Stein, The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993), p. 22.¡iª`§À¡j

¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¤@¨Ç¾Ô²¤¥v®a©M¾Ô²¤¾Ç®a´¿©ú½T¦a±q¤j¾Ô²¤¨¤«×¥Xµo¡A¬Û·í²`¤J©M¨t²Î¦a¦Ò¹î¹L¤@¨Ç¤j°ê¦b¤@¨Ç¾ú¥v®É´Áùتº¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¬Fµ¦¡A¨Ò¦p­^°ê¦b18¡B19¥@¬ö­«¤jÁp·ù¾Ôª§¤¤ªº¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¡B®³¯}¨Ú¤j³°«ÊÂê¡B¼w°ê¦b²Ä¤@¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô´Á¶¡¿cµn¹D¤Ò¦¡Á`Åé¾Ô¤¤ªº¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¡B²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô«e§Æ¯S°ÇªºªF¼Ú¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤µ¥¡C¨ä¶¡¡A«Où¡P¥Ì¤D­}¦b¨ä¦WµÛ¡m¤j°êªº¿³°I¡nªº§Ç¨¥¤¤¶}©v©ú¸q¦a«ü¥X¡G¡§°ê»ÚÅé¨t¤¤ªº¦U»â¥ý°ê®a³£¤O¹Ï¼W¶i¨ä°]´I©M¹ê¤O¥H¹F¨ì¡]©Î«O«ù¡^´I±jªº¦a¦ì¡A¦Ó¥»®Ñ©Ò¶°¤¤¬ã¨sªº¡A´N¬O¦b¦¹¹Lµ{¤¤¸gÀÙ©M¾Ô²¤¤§¶¡ªº¬Û¤¬§@¥Î¡C¡¨¡iª`ÄÀ¡j«Où¡P¥Ì¤D­}¡G¡m¤j°êªº¿³°I¡n¡]½±¸¶­^µ¥Ä¶¡^¡A¤¤°ê¸gÀÙ¥Xª©ªÀ1989¦~ª©¡A§Ç¨¥¡A²Ä1­¶¡C¡iª`§À¡j®Ñ¤¤¯S§O«ü¥X¡A¦b1803¦~¦Ü1815¦~­^ªk¶¡«ùÄò¤F12¦~¤§¤[ªº¾Ôª§¤¤¡A¡§¸gÀÙ¦]¯À¤ñ¥H©¹¥ô¦ó®É­Ô³£§ó¥[ºò±K¦a»P¾Ô²¤¥æ´¦b¤@°_¡C¡¨¡iª`ÄÀ¡j¥Ì¤D­}¡G¡m¤j°êªº¿³°I¡n¡A²Ä160­¶¡C¡iª`§À¡j

»P¦¹¬Û¤ñ¡A¹ï©ó§@¬°·í¥N¤j¾Ô²¤²Õ¦¨³¡¤À¤§¤@ªº·í¥N¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¡A²{¦³ªº²z½×»{ÃÑ©M¹ê¨Ò¬ã¨s¬Û¹ï¤£¨¬¡C´N¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤¥v¦Ó¨¥¡A±q°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤ªº¨¤«×©Ò§@ªºµÛ¦W¬ã¨s§ó¬O¹é¹éµL´X¡C¡iª`ÄÀ¡j§Y¨Ï´N²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô«á¬ü°êªº°ê®a¹ï¥~¾Ô²¤¥v¦Ó¨¥¡A±¡ªp®t¤£¦h¤]¬O¦p¦¹¡C¤£¬O±q¶Ç²Îªº¥~¥æ¡B¸gÀÙ¡B·NÃѧκA©Î­x¨Æµø¨¤¥Xµo¡A¦Ó¬O±q¤j¾Ô²¤µø¨¤¡A§Y¦b¥Øªº»P¤â¬q¡B·N¹Ï»P¯à¤O¡B¥Ø¼Ð»P¸ê·½¤§¶¡ªº°ò¥»Ãö«Y®Ø¬[¤º¹ï©ó¾Ô«á¬ü°ê°ê®a¤j¾Ô²¤©Ò§@ªº²`¤J±´¨s¡A´X¥G¥u¦³¬ù¿«¡P¼B©ö´µ¡P¥[­}´µªº¦WµÛ¡m¹K¨î¾Ô²¤¥v¡n(John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of postwar American National Security Policy ¡eOxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1982¡f), «Où¡P¥Ì¤D­}©M¬ìªL¡P®æ¹p¦b³o¤è­±ªº³Ç¥X½×¤å«h²²¤±o¦h(¥Ì¤D­}ªº½×¤å¨£¨ä¥D½sªºGrand Strategies in War and Peace, ®æ¹pªº½×¤å¨£Williamson Murray et al. eds., The Making of Strategy ¡eCambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994¡f) ¡C¡iª`§À¡j³o¤@¾Ç³N­I´º¨M©w¤F¬ü°ê¹ï¥~¸gÀÙ¾Ô²¤»·¥¼±o¨ì¦b¬ü°ê¤j¾Ô²¤¥v®Ø¬[¤¤ªº¨¬°÷®i¥Ü©M¤ÀªR¡CÁöµM¦³§½³¡©Êªº±MÃD§V¤O¡A¯S§O¬O¬ü°ê°ê»Ú¬Fªv¾Ç¬É©M§N¾Ô¥v¾Ç¬ÉÃö©ó¸gÀÙ¨îµô¡B¹ï¥~´©§U¡B¦è¤è¦P·ù¸gÀÙÃö«Yµ¥¤è­±ªº¬ã¨s¡AµM¦Ó¥¦­Ìªº³¡¤ÀÅãµÛ¯S¼x¦b©ó§½³¡¡B¹s¸H¡B¡§¾Ô²¤¬ã¨s¡¨¦â±m¤£¨¬¡C«ö·Ó¤@¦ì¾ÇªÌªºÄÄÄÀ¡A¾É­P³o¤@ª¬ªpªº®Ú¥»­ì¦]¦b©ó§N¾Ôªº¬Fªv/­x¨Æ¹ï§Ü©Ê½è¹L©ó¬ð¥X¡A¬Fªv/­x¨Æ¾Ô²¤´X¥G³Q»~»{¬°¬ü°ê¤j¾Ô²¤¤Î¨ä¾ú¥vªºÀ£­Ë¤@¤Áªº¤º®e¡C¡iª`ÄÀ¡jG. John Ikenberry, ¡§Liberal hegemony and the future of American postwar order,¡¨ ¸ü©óT. V. Paul and John A. Hall, International Order and the Future of the World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p.126.¡iª`§À¡j

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